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Calentamiento de la superficie de la capa de hielo antártica desde el Año Geofísico Internacional de 1957
Eric J Steig1, David P Schneider, Scott D Rutherford
1Department of Earth and Space Sciences and Quaternary Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA. steig@ess.washington.edu
Nature
|January 23, 2009
Resumen
El cambio de temperatura en la Antártida muestra un calentamiento significativo en toda la Antártida Occidental, no solo en la península. Esta tendencia al calentamiento está relacionada con los cambios atmosféricos regionales, no solo con el fortalecimiento de los vientos occidentales.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias del clima Ciencias del clima Ciencias del clima Ciencias del clima
- Ciencias de la atmósfera Ciencias atmosféricas.
- Investigación en la Antártida Investigación antártica.
Sus antecedentes:
- Las evaluaciones del cambio de temperatura en la Antártida históricamente destacaron el calentamiento de la península y el enfriamiento continental.
- Este patrón a menudo se atribuía a los cambios en el ozono estratosférico que afectan a los vientos occidentales circumpolares.
- Las observaciones anteriores fueron limitadas en duración y cobertura espacial, creando una imagen incompleta.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Reevaluar las tendencias de la temperatura de la Antártida con un alcance de observación más amplio.
- Para investigar la extensión espacial y la magnitud del calentamiento en la Antártida.
- Para identificar los impulsores de los cambios de temperatura observados en la Antártida.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de extensos datos de observaciones antárticas durante las últimas décadas.
- Utilizando un modelo de circulación general para simular patrones climáticos.
- Comparar los resultados del modelo con los datos de observación para validar los hallazgos.
Principales resultados:
- El calentamiento significativo se extiende a través de la mayor parte de la Antártida Occidental, un área más grande de lo documentado anteriormente.
- Las tasas de calentamiento de la Antártida Occidental exceden los 0,1 °C por década en los últimos 50 años, particularmente en invierno y primavera.
- Mientras que la Antártida Oriental muestra un enfriamiento otoñal, la tendencia de la temperatura media cercana a la superficie en todo el continente es positiva.
Conclusiones:
- El calentamiento observado en la Antártida Occidental es más extenso de lo que se entendía anteriormente.
- El calentamiento no puede atribuirse únicamente al aumento de la fuerza de los vientos del oeste.
- Los cambios regionales en la circulación atmosférica, la temperatura de la superficie del mar y la dinámica del hielo marino son factores clave que explican el aumento del calentamiento de la Antártida Occidental.
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