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Patrón global de discriminación experimentada y anticipada contra las personas con esquizofrenia: una encuesta
Graham Thornicroft1, Elaine Brohan, Diana Rose
1Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK.
Lancet (London, England)
|January 24, 2009
Resumen
Las personas con esquizofrenia con frecuencia se enfrentan a una discriminación significativa en las relaciones y el empleo. Este estudio destaca las altas tasas de estigma tanto esperado como experimentado, que afectan a la calidad de vida a nivel mundial.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Psiquiatría y salud mental.
- Psicología social Psicología social.
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
Sus antecedentes:
- La esquizofrenia se asocia con un estigma generalizado, lo que lleva a la marginación social, el empobrecimiento y la reducción de la calidad de vida.
- Comprender la naturaleza, la dirección y la gravedad de la discriminación es crucial para desarrollar intervenciones efectivas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Describir la prevalencia y las características de la discriminación anticipada y experimentada entre las personas con esquizofrenia.
- Evaluar el impacto del estigma en las relaciones sociales, el empleo y la autopercepción.
Principales métodos:
- Se realizó una encuesta transversal con 732 participantes diagnosticados con esquizofrenia en 27 países.
- Se utilizó la Escala de Discriminación y Estigma (DISC) para medir la discriminación experimentada positiva, la discriminación experimentada negativa y la discriminación anticipada.
Principales resultados:
- Casi la mitad de los participantes experimentaron discriminación negativa en las amistades (47%) y en la familia (43%).
- La discriminación en el empleo (encontrar/mantener un empleo) afectó al 27-29%, y en las relaciones íntimas, al 27%.
- La discriminación anticipada fue alta, especialmente para el trabajo (64%) y las relaciones (55%), con el 72% ocultando su diagnóstico.
Conclusiones:
- Las altas tasas de discriminación anticipada y experimentada prevalecen a nivel mundial entre las personas con esquizofrenia.
- Las leyes existentes sobre discriminación por discapacidad pueden ser insuficientes sin intervenciones complementarias para reforzar la autoestima y combatir el estigma social.
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