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El comercio, los ADPIC y los productos farmacéuticos.

Richard D Smith1, Carlos Correa, Cecilia Oh

  • 1Health Policy Unit, Department of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.

Lancet (London, England)
|January 27, 2009
PubMed
Resumen

El Acuerdo sobre los Aspectos de los Derechos de Propiedad Intelectual Relacionados con el Comercio (ADPIC) benefició a las naciones desarrolladas pero no a los países en desarrollo. Destaca la desigualdad en el comercio farmacéutico y el acceso a los medicamentos, cuestiones que requieren estrategias de negociación.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Derecho de Propiedad Intelectual Ley de Derechos de Propiedad Intelectual.
  • Derecho del comercio internacional Derecho del comercio internacional
  • Economía Farmacéutica La economía farmacéutica es el campo de la economía farmacéutica.

Sus antecedentes:

  • El Acuerdo sobre los Aspectos de los Derechos de Propiedad Intelectual Relacionados con el Comercio (ADPIC) estableció estándares globales de propiedad intelectual (PI).
  • El ADPIC amplió significativamente los derechos de propiedad intelectual, beneficiando a la industria farmacéutica y a las economías desarrolladas.
  • Los países en desarrollo han cuestionado los beneficios económicos de los ADPIC, particularmente en lo que respecta al comercio farmacéutico.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Evaluar si los ADPIC han generado ganancias económicas para los países en desarrollo a través del aumento de las exportaciones.
  • Analizar las implicaciones de las disposiciones de los ADPIC y ADPIC-plus en el comercio farmacéutico y el acceso a los medicamentos.
  • Identificar estrategias de negociación para la comunidad de la salud dentro del marco de los ADPIC.

Principales métodos:

  • Revisión de la importancia de los productos farmacéuticos en el comercio mundial de atención médica.
  • Análisis de los requisitos de los ADPIC, las implicaciones y las disposiciones de los ADPIC más en los acuerdos bilaterales de libre comercio.
  • Examen de los patrones de comercio entre países desarrollados y en desarrollo con respecto a los medicamentos patentados.

Principales resultados:

  • El ADPIC no ha producido ganancias sustanciales de exportación para los países en desarrollo.
  • El comercio farmacéutico ha aumentado principalmente dentro de los países desarrollados.
  • Las dinámicas comerciales desiguales y las disposiciones de los ADPIC-plus exacerban los problemas de acceso a los medicamentos en los países en desarrollo.

Conclusiones:

  • Los países en desarrollo no se han beneficiado significativamente de los ADPIC en términos de aumento de las exportaciones farmacéuticas.
  • Las disposiciones de los ADPIC más empeoran el acceso a los medicamentos, a pesar de que muchos países no utilizan las flexibilidades de los ADPIC.
  • La comunidad de la salud necesita explorar opciones de negociación para aprovechar los ADPIC a su favor.