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La homología profunda y los orígenes de la novedad evolutiva
Neil Shubin1, Cliff Tabin, Sean Carroll
1Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, 1027 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA. nshubin@uchicago.edu
Nature
|February 13, 2009
Resumen
Las nuevas estructuras anatómicas evolucionan a partir de las preexistentes, no de novo. La genética del desarrollo y la biología evolutiva muestran que las modificaciones de antiguos circuitos reguladores genéticos sustentan el origen de diversas características animales.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Biología del desarrollo evolutivo Biología del desarrollo evolutivo
- Genética del desarrollo genética del desarrollo.
- La paleontología es paleontología.
Sus antecedentes:
- El origen de las nuevas estructuras anatómicas es una pregunta de larga data en la biología evolutiva.
- Charles Darwin estaba intrigado por la evolución de estructuras complejas como los ojos, las extremidades y los cuernos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar si nuevas estructuras anatómicas surgen de novo o evolucionan de estructuras preexistentes.
- Comprender los mecanismos evolutivos detrás del desarrollo de las principales características animales.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de los avances en la genética del desarrollo.
- Integración de datos paleontológicos.
- Aplicación de los principios de la biología del desarrollo evolutivo.
Principales resultados:
- Las estructuras clave como los ojos de los animales, las extremidades de los tetrápodos y los cuernos de los escarabajos evolucionaron a partir de estructuras preexistentes.
- La modificación de antiguos circuitos reguladores genéticos fue el mecanismo principal.
- La homología profunda en los procesos de desarrollo proporciona una base para la evolución de diversas estructuras.
Conclusiones:
- Las estructuras anatómicas no surgen de novo, sino que evolucionan a través de la modificación de las vías genéticas y de desarrollo existentes.
- La profunda homología entre metazoos facilita la evolución independiente de diversas estructuras.
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