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Examining Gesture Production in the Presence of Communication Challenges
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Las diferencias en los primeros gestos explican las disparidades de SES en el tamaño del vocabulario infantil en la
Meredith L Rowe1, Susan Goldin-Meadow
1Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, 5848 South University Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. rowemer@uchicago.edu
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|February 14, 2009
Resumen
El uso temprano de gestos por parte de los niños de familias de alto estatus socioeconómico (SES) predice vocabularios más grandes más adelante. Este hallazgo ofrece información sobre el desarrollo temprano del lenguaje y posibles intervenciones para las brechas de vocabulario relacionadas con SES.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Psicología del desarrollo Psicología del desarrollo.
- La lingüística es la lingüística de las lenguas.
- Sociología Sociología Sociología.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los niños de familias de bajo estatus socioeconómico (SES) a menudo exhiben vocabularios más pequeños al ingresar a la escuela en comparación con sus compañeros de antecedentes de alto SES.
- Esta brecha de vocabulario representa una desigualdad educativa significativa con posibles consecuencias a largo plazo.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Identificar los precursores de la comunicación temprana para las disparidades socioeconómicas en el vocabulario infantil.
- Explorar el papel del uso temprano de gestos en la explicación de las diferencias de vocabulario relacionadas con SES.
Principales métodos:
- Grabó en video a 50 niños de diversos orígenes SES interactuando con sus padres a los 14 meses de edad.
- Evaluó las habilidades de vocabulario de los niños a los 54 meses de edad.
- Analizó la relación entre el uso de gestos de padres e hijos y el posterior desarrollo del vocabulario, controlando el habla.
Principales resultados:
- Los niños de familias con alto SES demostraron un uso más frecuente de gestos a los 14 meses, mediado por el uso de gestos de los padres.
- El uso de gestos en niños pequeños a los 14 meses predijo significativamente vocabularios más grandes a los 54 meses.
- El uso de gestos surgió como un factor explicativo clave para las disparidades de vocabulario relacionadas con el SES observadas.
Conclusiones:
- El gesto de la primera infancia es un precursor crucial y medible para el desarrollo del vocabulario.
- Las intervenciones que promueven el uso temprano del gesto pueden ayudar a mitigar las disparidades socioeconómicas en la adquisición del lenguaje.
- Abordar las diferencias de comunicación tempranas puede contribuir a cerrar la brecha de vocabulario antes de la entrada en la escuela.
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