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Ingeniería guiada por la estructura de la regioselectividad de las ribozimas de ARN ligasa
Jason N Pitt1, Adrian R Ferré-D'Amaré
1Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
Journal of the American Chemical Society
|February 18, 2009
Resumen
Las diferencias estructurales en los dúplex de ARN dictan si las ribozimas forman enlaces de ARN 2'-5' o 3'-5'. Este descubrimiento tiene un impacto en la comprensión de los orígenes del mundo del ARN y la ingeniería de la ribozima para la síntesis de ARN.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La bioquímica es la bioquímica.
- Biología Molecular Biología Molecular
- Astrobiología Astrobiología.
Sus antecedentes:
- La síntesis de ARN catalizada por ribozimas es clave para la hipótesis del mundo del ARN, pero las polimerasas naturales de ARN aún no se han descubierto.
- La selección in vitro ha producido ribozimas capaces de ligar el ARN, a menudo produciendo enlaces de 2'-5" de fosfodiéster en lugar de los enlaces convencionales de 3'-5".
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para aclarar la base estructural de la regioselectividad en 2 -5 y 3 -5 ribozimas de ARN ligasa.
- Para investigar el papel de la geometría dúplex de la plantilla de sustrato en el control de los resultados de la ligación de ARN.
Principales métodos:
- Determinó las estructuras cristalinas del duplex de la plantilla de producto para una ribozima de 2 -5 ARN ligasa (ligasa de clase II) y la comparó con la estructura de una ribozima de 3 -5 ligasa (ligasa L1).
- Ribozimas quiméricas construidas mediante el intercambio de regiones dúplex del sustrato-plantilla entre las ligasas de clase II y L1.
- Evaluó la regioselectividad de los ribozimas quiméricos en la catalización de la ligadura del ARN.
Principales resultados:
- Las estructuras cristalinas revelaron geometrías dúplex distintas en la unión de ligadura: un par G x A flanqueado por una cuña en la ligasa de clase II, frente a las oscilaciones G x U en la ligasa L1.
- Los ribozimas quiméricos demostraron que el dúplex sustrato-plantilla, no el núcleo catalítico, dicta la regioselectividad.
- La ligasa L1 con un dúplex de clase II mostró un aumento de 30 veces en la síntesis de enlaces 2 -5, mientras que la ligasa de clase II con un dúplex L1 formó exclusivamente enlaces 3 -5.
Conclusiones:
- La geometría local del dúplex sustrato-plantilla es el principal determinante de la regioselectividad en la ligadura de ARN catalizada por ribozima.
- Estos hallazgos proporcionan información sobre la evolución de la síntesis de ARN y el potencial para la ingeniería de ribozimas con actividades específicas de ligadura.
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