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Sobrevivientes de cáncer y desempleo: un metanálisis y meta-regresión
Angela G E M de Boer1, Taina Taskila, Anneli Ojajärvi
1Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Academic Medical Center, PO Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands. a.g.deboer@amc.uva.nl
JAMA
|February 20, 2009
Resumen
Los sobrevivientes de cáncer enfrentan tasas de desempleo más altas que las personas sanas. Este estudio analizó 36 estudios, encontrando una asociación significativa entre la supervivencia al cáncer y la pérdida de empleo, particularmente para ciertos tipos de cáncer.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Oncología Oncología.
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
- Epidemiología La epidemiología.
Sus antecedentes:
- Casi la mitad de los adultos sobrevivientes de cáncer son menores de 65 años.
- El impacto de la supervivencia al cáncer en el estado de empleo sigue siendo en gran medida desconocido.
- Comprender los desafíos de empleo para los sobrevivientes de cáncer es crucial para las iniciativas de salud pública.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Determinar la asociación entre la supervivencia al cáncer y el desempleo.
- Para comparar las tasas de desempleo en sobrevivientes de cáncer frente a controles sanos.
- Identificar los factores que influyen en el desempleo en los sobrevivientes de cáncer.
Principales métodos:
- Búsqueda sistemática de la literatura de varias bases de datos (MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO, OSH-ROM) desde 1966 hasta junio de 2008.
- La inclusión de estudios con sobrevivientes de cáncer adultos y un grupo de control, centrándose en los resultados del empleo.
- Meta-análisis y meta-regresión bayesiana para calcular los riesgos relativos agrupados y evaluar los factores de influencia.
Principales resultados:
- Se analizaron 36 estudios que involucraron a 20.366 sobrevivientes de cáncer y 157.603 controles.
- Los sobrevivientes de cáncer tenían una tasa de desempleo significativamente más alta (33,8%) en comparación con los controles (15,2%), con un riesgo relativo combinado (RR) de 1,37.
- Se observó una mayor tasa de desempleo en sobrevivientes de cáncer de mama, gastrointestinal y cáncer de órganos reproductivos femeninos. Los sobrevivientes estadounidenses mostraron un mayor riesgo inicial de desempleo, que desapareció después de los ajustes.
Conclusiones:
- La supervivencia al cáncer está significativamente asociada con el aumento del desempleo.
- Los tipos específicos de cáncer presentan un mayor riesgo de desempleo para los sobrevivientes.
- Las disparidades en el empleo de los sobrevivientes de cáncer merecen una mayor investigación y apoyo específico.
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