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Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the retrovirus to...
Retroviruses02:33

Retroviruses

Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
Introduction to Virus01:28

Introduction to Virus

Viruses are unique biological entities that blur the boundary between living and non-living systems. Although they lack cellular structure and metabolic processes, they can exhibit characteristics of life when infecting a host. Their defining feature is a nucleic acid core, composed of either DNA or RNA, encapsulated within a protein coat called a capsid. This simple structure allows them to invade host cells and use their machinery for replication efficiently.Viral Structure and...
Size and Structure of Viral Genomes01:26

Size and Structure of Viral Genomes

Viral genomes exhibit remarkable diversity in size, structure, and composition, influencing their replication strategies and interactions with host cells. These genomes consist of either DNA or RNA and may be linear or circular. Additionally, they can be single-stranded or double-stranded, with each configuration affecting how the virus propagates within a host. RNA viruses, for instance, generally have smaller genomes than DNA viruses, a factor that contributes to their high mutation rates and...
Viruses with RNA Genomes01:29

Viruses with RNA Genomes

RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
Subviral Agents01:29

Subviral Agents

Subviral agents are infectious entities that resemble viruses but lack one or more viral components, such as a capsid or essential replication machinery. These agents include viroids, prions, and satellites, each possessing distinct structural and functional characteristics that influence their mode of infection and replication.Viroids are the simplest subviral agents, consisting of circular, single-stranded RNA molecules without a protein coat. They exclusively infect plants, relying entirely...

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Updated: May 11, 2026

Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes: A Functional Genomics Tool for the Study of Positive-strand RNA Viruses
12:20

Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes: A Functional Genomics Tool for the Study of Positive-strand RNA Viruses

Published on: December 29, 2015

ARN virales: lecciones del enemigo.

Bryan R Cullen1

  • 1Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, Center for Virology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. bryan.cullen@duke.edu

Cell
|February 26, 2009
PubMed
Resumen

Los virus utilizan elementos genéticos únicos para mejorar la replicación. El estudio de las estructuras de ARN viral revela nuevos conocimientos sobre la regulación de la expresión génica en las células de los vertebrados.

Área de la Ciencia:

  • Biología Molecular Biología Molecular
  • Virología Virología.
  • Genética La genética.

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los virus poseen una notable adaptabilidad evolutiva.
  • Pueden evolucionar o adquirir elementos genómicos del huésped para optimizar la replicación.
  • Esta plasticidad ofrece una ventana única a la regulación de genes celulares.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Discutir la identificación y caracterización de las estructuras virales de ARNm.
  • Para explorar los ARN no codificantes virales.
  • Para obtener información sobre los mecanismos de expresión génica de los eucariotas.

Principales métodos:

  • Identificación de las estructuras virales de ARNm.
  • Caracterización de los ARN no codificantes virales.

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  • Análisis de los mecanismos moleculares en las células huésped.

    • Principales resultados:

    • Se identificaron y caracterizaron las estructuras de ARN viral y ARN no codificantes.
    • Estos elementos virales proporcionan información sobre la modulación de la expresión génica.
    • Se descubrieron nuevos mecanismos de regulación génica de los eucariotas.

    Conclusiones:

    • Los elementos de ARN viral son clave para comprender la expresión génica.
    • Los virus sirven como poderosos modelos para el estudio de la biología molecular de la célula huésped.
    • Una mayor investigación sobre el ARN viral puede iluminar los procesos celulares fundamentales.