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Translation01:31

Translation

Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Translation01:31

Translation

Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
Nucleotide Excision Repair01:38

Nucleotide Excision Repair

DNA Distortion and Damage
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...
Nucleotide Excision Repair01:08

Nucleotide Excision Repair

Overview

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Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Measuring RAN Peptide Toxicity in C. elegans
10:49

Measuring RAN Peptide Toxicity in C. elegans

Published on: April 30, 2020

ARN y ARN y enfermedades.

Thomas A Cooper1, Lili Wan, Gideon Dreyfuss

  • 1Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA. tcooper@bcm.tmc.edu

Cell
|February 26, 2009
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Las funciones celulares dependen de los complejos ARN-proteína (RNP). Las mutaciones en el ARN o las proteínas interrumpen las RNP, causando enfermedades, pero también ofrecen nuevos objetivos terapéuticos y herramientas basadas en el ARN.

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Targeted Next-generation Sequencing and Bioinformatics Pipeline to Evaluate Genetic Determinants of Constitutional Disease
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Measuring RAN Peptide Toxicity in C. elegans
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Measuring RAN Peptide Toxicity in C. elegans

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Targeted Next-generation Sequencing and Bioinformatics Pipeline to Evaluate Genetic Determinants of Constitutional Disease

Published on: April 4, 2018

Área de la Ciencia:

  • Biología Molecular Biología Molecular
  • Genética La genética.
  • La bioquímica es la bioquímica.

Sus antecedentes:

  • Las funciones celulares están orquestadas por complejos de ribonucleoproteínas (RNP), que comprenden ARN y proteínas que se unen al ARN.
  • Las alteraciones en los componentes del RNP o en los factores de ensamblaje debidas a mutaciones pueden tener consecuencias celulares perjudiciales.
  • El empalme alternativo es un mecanismo clave para afinar el transcriptoma y el proteoma, pero su complejidad aumenta la susceptibilidad a las mutaciones causantes de enfermedades.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para resaltar el papel crítico de las interacciones ARN-proteína en la función celular.
  • Para subrayar el vínculo entre las mutaciones en el ARN y la enfermedad.
  • Para enfatizar el potencial terapéutico que surge de la comprensión de la biología del ARN.

Principales métodos:

  • El estudio integra el conocimiento de la biología molecular, la genética y la bioquímica.
  • Revisa la literatura existente sobre la biología del ARN, los complejos de ribonucleoproteínas y el empalme alternativo.
  • El enfoque está en analizar el impacto de las mutaciones en los componentes de ARN y proteínas.

Principales resultados:

  • Las mutaciones que afectan al ARN o a los componentes proteicos de los RNP pueden afectar las funciones celulares.
  • El empalme alternativo, aunque es crucial para la regulación celular, presenta numerosos puntos de mutación y desregulación.
  • La identificación de mutaciones causantes de enfermedades en los ARN abre caminos para nuevas estrategias terapéuticas.

Conclusiones:

  • Comprender la intrincada red de proteínas que se unen al ARN y sus interacciones es crucial para comprender la salud y la enfermedad celular.
  • Las terapias basadas en ARN están emergiendo como una frontera prometedora, impulsadas por los avances en biología y química del ARN.
  • La orientación de las mutaciones de ARN ofrece un nuevo paradigma para el desarrollo de tratamientos innovadores para diversas enfermedades.