Video Experimental Relacionado
Updated: Jun 25, 2026
23:53
Ole Isacson: Development of New Therapies for Parkinson's Disease
Published on: April 29, 2007
Promover el descubrimiento intelectual: patentes frente a los mercados
Debrah Meloso1, Jernej Copic, Peter Bossaerts
1Bocconi University, 20136 Milan, Italy. debrah.meloso@unibocconi.it
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|March 7, 2009
Resumen
Este estudio introduce un novedoso "sistema de mercados" para el descubrimiento intelectual, donde los individuos intercambian acciones en innovaciones potenciales. Los experimentos muestran que este sistema supera a los sistemas tradicionales de patentes en la promoción de la invención.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Propiedad Intelectual y Innovación Economía de la Economía
- La economía del comportamiento es la economía del comportamiento.
- Las ciencias sociales computacionales.
Sus antecedentes:
- Las patentes se ven tradicionalmente como impulsores clave del descubrimiento intelectual al otorgar derechos de propiedad exclusiva.
- Es posible que los marcos de propiedad intelectual existentes no optimicen completamente los incentivos para la innovación en procesos de descubrimiento complejos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Proponer y evaluar un esquema de compensación alternativo para el descubrimiento intelectual.
- Para comparar la eficacia de un nuevo "sistema de mercados" frente al sistema tradicional de patentes.
Principales métodos:
- El estudio empleó un "sistema de mercados" donde los participantes tenían y negociaban acciones en componentes de descubrimientos potenciales.
- El problema de la mochila, que representa la toma de decisiones complejas en el descubrimiento, se utilizó como un modelo experimental.
- El rendimiento se midió comparando los resultados del sistema de mercados y el sistema de patentes.
Principales resultados:
- El "sistema de mercados" propuesto demostró un rendimiento superior en comparación con el sistema de patentes convencional.
- Los incentivos indirectos, impulsados por las fluctuaciones del precio de las acciones, demostraron ser efectivos en el entorno experimental.
- Los experimentos del problema de la mochila proporcionaron una medida cuantificable de la eficiencia del sistema.
Conclusiones:
- Un sistema de mercados descentralizados puede ser un mecanismo más eficaz para promover el descubrimiento intelectual que las patentes.
- Repensar los derechos de propiedad intelectual puede conducir a ecosistemas de innovación más eficientes.
- La investigación futura podría explorar la escalabilidad y la implementación en el mundo real de tales sistemas basados en el mercado.
Videos de Conceptos Relacionados
01:30Enzyme Inhibition
Inhibitors are molecules that reduce enzyme activity by binding to the enzyme. In a normally functioning cell, enzymes are regulated by a variety of inhibitors. Drugs and other toxins can also inhibit enzymes. Some inhibitors bind to the enzyme’s active site, while others inhibit enzymatic activity by binding to other sites on the protein structure.
01:26Drug Discovery: Overview
Drug discovery is a multifaceted process involving extensive screening, testing, and optimization of lead compounds to identify potential new drugs for therapeutic use. It combines several approaches, including screening large numbers of natural products, chemical modification of known active molecules, identification of new drug targets, and rational design based on biological mechanisms and drug-receptor structure. These approaches are carried out in both academic research laboratories and...
01:25Creative Thinking
Creative thinking encompasses innovative and unconventional methods for addressing challenges, often leading to groundbreaking solutions. Instead of focusing solely on enhancing existing systems, such as increasing smartphone battery capacity, creative thinking might inspire advancements like energy-efficient batteries or processors that minimize power consumption. This multidimensional approach underscores the importance of exploring novel pathways to innovation.
Divergent thinking is the...
Divergent thinking is the...
01:18Patch Clamp
Many fundamental cell functions such as muscle contraction and nerve transmission rely on the electrical signals produced by the movement of positively and negatively charged ions across the cell membrane. One competent method to record current flowing across the whole cell or single ion channel is the patch-clamp technique.
In this method, a glass micropipette containing electrolyte solution is tightly sealed against a small portion of the cell membrane. As a result, a patch of the cell...
In this method, a glass micropipette containing electrolyte solution is tightly sealed against a small portion of the cell membrane. As a result, a patch of the cell...
01:49Law of Segregation
When crossing pea plants, Mendel noticed that one of the parental traits would sometimes disappear in the first generation of offspring, called the F1 generation, and could reappear in the next generation (F2). He concluded that one of the traits must be dominant over the other, thereby causing masking of one trait in the F1 generation. When he crossed the F1 plants, he found that 75% of the offspring in the F2 generation had the dominant phenotype, while 25% had the recessive phenotype.
01:33Pleiotropy
Pleiotropy is the phenomenon in which a single gene impacts multiple, seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits. For example, defects in the SOX10 gene cause Waardenburg Syndrome Type 4, or WS4, which can cause defects in pigmentation, hearing impairments, and an absence of intestinal contractions necessary for elimination. This diversity of phenotypes results from the expression pattern of SOX10 in early embryonic and fetal development. SOX10 is found in neural crest cells that form melanocytes,...