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Microbes and Other Elemental Cycles01:24

Microbes and Other Elemental Cycles

Microbial activity plays a pivotal role in the biogeochemical cycling of iron and manganese, especially at the redox gradients characteristic of stratified aquatic environments. These cycles are driven by microbial transformations between oxidized and reduced forms of the metals, allowing organisms to exploit them for metabolic energy and structural purposes.Iron Cycling Across Redox GradientsIn neutral, oxygen-rich surface waters, iron is predominantly found in its oxidized, insoluble ferric...
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The deep ocean and its underlying sediments represent vast, largely unexplored microbial habitats that extend far beyond the sunlit photic zone. The photic (euphotic) zone typically spans the upper ~100–200 meters of pelagic waters in the open ocean, but its depth varies geographically and seasonally, where sufficient light supports photosynthetic life. Below this lies the deep sea, spanning roughly 1000–6000 meters (bathypelagic to abyssal zones), with deeper hadal trenches extending beyond...
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Microbial communities forming biofilms and mats represent complex, spatially structured ecosystems where metabolic processes are stratified according to light, oxygen, and nutrient gradients. Biofilms are initial colonization stages, only a few millimeters thick, while mature microbial mats can reach centimeter-scale thickness and display intricate vertical organization. Their structural and functional heterogeneity allows microorganisms to occupy distinct ecological niches within a few...
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Marine microbial ecosystems are shaped by distinct physicochemical limits, including high salinity, low nutrient availability, and fluctuating oxygen levels. These conditions favor smaller microbial cell sizes, which maximize their surface-to-volume ratio for efficient nutrient uptake.Microbial activity and community composition are closely linked to biogeochemical cycles, particularly in dynamic environments like estuaries, where halotolerant microbes thrive in response to variable salinity...
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Freshwater systems such as streams, rivers, and lakes exhibit distinct physical and biological characteristics that influence their microbial communities. These environments are broadly categorized into lotic systems—those with flowing waters like streams and most rivers—and lentic systems, which include still or slow-moving waters such as lakes, ponds, and marshes.In lentic systems, phytoplankton drive primary production, generating autochthonous organic carbon. In contrast, lotic systems...

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Video Experimental Relacionado

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Laboratory Simulation of an Iron(II)-rich Precambrian Marine Upwelling System to Explore the Growth of Photosynthetic Bacteria
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Published on: July 24, 2016

Un "océano" férreo subglacial contemporáneo microbialmente mantenido.

Jill A Mikucki1, Ann Pearson, David T Johnston

  • 1Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. jill.a.mikucki@dartmouth.edu

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|April 18, 2009
PubMed
Resumen

Los microbios en la salmuera subglacial antártica ciclan el azufre usando hierro, no oxígeno, debido al limitado carbono. Este antiguo ecosistema ofrece una visión de la Tierra primitiva.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • La geomicrobiología es la geomicrobiología.
  • Biogeoquímica La biogeoquímica es la bioquímica.
  • Investigación en la Antártida Investigación antártica.

Sus antecedentes:

  • La antigua salmuera marina existe debajo del glaciar Taylor de la capa de hielo de la Antártida Oriental.
  • Esta salmuera es rica en sulfatos y está aislada de los procesos de superficie.
  • Comprender los ecosistemas microbianos subglaciales es crucial para la astrobiología y la historia de la Tierra.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar el ciclo microbiano del azufre en una salmuera subglacial.
  • Determinar el papel del hierro como aceptor de electrones terminal.
  • Explorar las implicaciones para los ambientes marinos antiguos, hambrientos de orgánicos.

Principales métodos:

  • Las mediciones isotópicas (sulfato, agua, carbonato, hierro ferroso).
  • Análisis genético funcional (adenosina 5'-fosfosulfato reductasa).
  • Análisis de la geoquímica de las salmueras subglaciales.

Principales resultados:

  • Un ensamblaje microbiano activo facilita un ciclo catalítico del azufre.
  • El hierro (III) sirve como el receptor de electrones terminal.
  • El carbono orgánico limitado debido a la falta de fotosíntesis da como resultado una salmuera anóxica y no sulfúrica.
  • Los microbios subglaciales crecen aislados.

Conclusiones:

  • Los procesos biogeoquímicos acoplados mantienen la vida microbiana en entornos extremos y aislados.
  • El sistema subglacial refleja las condiciones en los océanos del Neoproterozoico.
  • La acumulación de Fe (II) puede ocurrir a pesar del ciclo activo de azufre en entornos pobres en orgánicos.