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Intuición y deliberación: dos sistemas para la estrategia en el cerebro
Wen-Jui Kuo1, Tomas Sjöström, Yu-Ping Chen
1Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|April 25, 2009
Resumen
Este estudio exploró la actividad cerebral durante los juegos de toma de decisiones. Los juegos basados en el razonamiento activaban áreas como el precúneo, mientras que los juegos intuitivos activaban la ínsula, destacando distintas vías neuronales para diferentes procesos cognitivos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Neurociencia cognitiva y neurociencia cognitiva.
- Investigación para la toma de decisiones.
- Teoría de juegos Teoría de juegos.
Sus antecedentes:
- Las teorías de doble proceso proponen que la toma de decisiones se basa en la intuición (rápida, emocional) y el razonamiento (lento, controlado).
- Diferentes tipos de juegos pueden involucrar estos distintos procesos cognitivos.
- Comprender los correlatos neuronales de estos procesos es crucial para la ciencia cognitiva.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar las diferencias neuronales entre la toma de decisiones intuitiva y la basada en el razonamiento.
- Para contrastar los patrones de activación cerebral en juegos resolubles por dominación (razonamiento) frente a juegos de coordinación pura (intuición).
Principales métodos:
- Se empleó imágenes de resonancia magnética funcional (IRMf) para medir la actividad cerebral.
- Participantes que participan en juegos de dominancia y juegos de coordinación pura.
- El análisis se centró en la activación diferencial en regiones específicas del cerebro.
Principales resultados:
- Los juegos de dominancia mostraron una mayor activación en el giro frontal medio, el lóbulo parietal inferior y el precúneo en comparación con los juegos de coordinación.
- La ínsula y la corteza cingulada anterior exhibieron una mayor actividad durante los juegos de coordinación en relación con los juegos que se pueden resolver por dominación.
- La actividad precúnea se correlacionó positivamente con el esfuerzo percibido en juegos de dominancia; la actividad de la ínsula se correlacionó con la facilidad percibida en juegos de coordinación.
Conclusiones:
- Distintas redes neuronales apoyan la toma de decisiones intuitiva y basada en el razonamiento.
- El precúneo está implicado en el razonamiento deliberado y con esfuerzo, mientras que la ínsula está asociada con el procesamiento intuitivo y sin esfuerzo.
- Estos hallazgos proporcionan evidencia neurobiológica para las teorías de doble proceso de la cognición.
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