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Osciladores mecánicos enredados entrelazados
J D Jost1, J P Home, J M Amini
1Time and Frequency Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA. john.d.jost@gmail.com
Nature
|June 5, 2009
Resumen
Los científicos demuestran el entrelazamiento cuántico en osciladores mecánicos, específicamente los estados vibratorios de los iones atómicos. Este avance extiende los fenómenos cuánticos al mundo clásico y abre las puertas para sistemas cuánticos a mayor escala y para probar la no-localidad.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La mecánica cuántica es la mecánica cuántica.
- Física atómica es la física atómica.
- Ciencias de la información cuántica Ciencias de la información cuántica.
Sus antecedentes:
- La mecánica cuántica, caracterizada por la superposición y el entrelazamiento, teóricamente se extiende a sistemas macroscópicos como el gato de Schrödinger.
- El entrelazamiento macroscópico no se observa, posiblemente debido a la decoherencia ambiental o a mecanismos no descubiertos que limitan el entrelazamiento en sistemas grandes.
- Las demostraciones anteriores de entrelazamiento involucraron fotones, átomos y dispositivos de materia condensada, pero no osciladores mecánicos distintos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para demostrar el entrelazamiento cuántico determinista entre osciladores mecánicos separados.
- Para enredar los estados internos de un ion atómico con un oscilador mecánico distante.
- Explorar el entrelazamiento cuántico en un grado de libertad prevaleciente en el mundo clásico.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizando iones atómicos atrapados como osciladores mecánicos en lugares distintos.
- Implementando interacciones controladas para enredar deterministicamente los estados vibratorios de los pares de iones.
- Realizar operaciones de entrelazamiento entre el estado interno de un ion atómico y un oscilador mecánico.
Principales resultados:
- Demostración exitosa del entrelazamiento determinista entre osciladores mecánicos separados (estados vibratorios de iones atómicos).
- Se logró el enredo entre el estado interno de un ion atómico y un oscilador mecánico distante.
- Estableció el entrelazamiento cuántico en un grado de libertad común al reino clásico.
Conclusiones:
- El entrelazamiento cuántico se puede lograr en distintos osciladores mecánicos, uniendo la mecánica cuántica y la mecánica clásica.
- Estos hallazgos allanan el camino para enredar sistemas mecánicos a mayor escala y probar la no localidad cuántica.
- Las técnicas de control desarrolladas son cruciales para avanzar en el procesamiento de información cuántica con iones atrapados.
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