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A crystal's internal structure is an orderly array of atoms, ions, or molecules, and the details of this array significantly influence the solid's properties. In a crystal, periodically repeating 'structural motifs' - which could be atoms, molecules, or groups thereof - create a 'space lattice.' This is essentially a three-dimensional, infinite array of points, each surrounded by its neighbors in an identical way, forming the basic structure of the crystal.A 'unit cell' is a theoretical...
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

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Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
The Seven Crystal Systems: Overview01:24

The Seven Crystal Systems: Overview

Crystals with various point group symmetries belong to different crystal classes, which are synonymous terms. Despite being in the same class, crystals may have distinct shapes, like cubes and octahedra. There are 32 three-dimensional point groups, all of which are systematically divided into seven crystal systems.The basic cubic crystal system, exemplified by NaCl, features orthogonal vectors (α = β = �� = 90°) of equal lengths (a = b = c). When specific requirements are not imposed on the...
Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects01:26

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects

Schottky defects arise when some lattice points in a crystal, such as those in NaCl, remain unoccupied, creating lattice vacancies without disturbing the overall electrical neutrality of the crystal. This defect is common in ionic crystals where the positive and negative ions are similar in size, as seen in sodium chloride and cesium chloride. The presence of Schottky defects enables the crystal to conduct electricity to a small extent through an ionic mechanism. Electric fields cause nearby...
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Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Non-Stoichiometric Defects

Non-stoichiometric defects refer to a type of defect in the crystal structure of a compound where the ratio of its constituent elements deviates from the ideal stoichiometric ratio. There are two main types of non-stoichiometric defects: metal excess defects and metal deficiency defects.Metal excess defects occur when there is a slight surplus of metal ions than what is required by the stoichiometric ratio of the compound. For example, heating a sodium chloride crystal in sodium vapor results...

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Published on: December 21, 2015

Los cuasicristales naturales también.

Luca Bindi1, Paul J Steinhardt, Nan Yao

  • 1Museo di Storia Naturale, Sezione di Mineralogia, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze I-50121, Italy.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|June 6, 2009
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Se han descubierto cuasicristales naturales, sólidos con simetrías prohibidas. Esta aleación de aluminio, cobre y hierro sugiere que los cuasicristales pueden formarse y permanecer estables bajo condiciones geológicas.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Ciencia de los materiales Ciencia de los materiales.
  • La mineralogía es la Mineralogía.
  • La cristalografía es una técnica de cristalografía.

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los cuasicristales poseen arreglos atómicos únicos con simetrías, como la simetría quíntuple, que no se encuentra en los cristales periódicos.
  • Anteriormente, todos los cuasicristales conocidos se sintetizaron exclusivamente en entornos de laboratorio.
  • El estudio de la formación y la estabilidad de los cuasicristales es crucial para comprender los estados exóticos de los materiales.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para informar sobre el descubrimiento de un cuasicristal de origen natural.
  • Para caracterizar la estructura y la composición de este cuasicristal natural.
  • Investigar las implicaciones de la formación natural de cuasicristales para las condiciones geológicas.

Principales métodos:

  • Análisis mineralógico de muestras de las montañas Koryak, Rusia.
  • Identificación de las fases cuasicristalinas utilizando técnicas sensibles a la estructura atómica y la simetría.
  • Análisis químico para determinar la composición elemental del cuasicristal y minerales asociados.

Principales resultados:

  • Evidencia de un cuasicristal icosaédrico de origen natural con seis ejes de simetría cinco veces distintos.
  • El mineral es una aleación de aluminio, cobre y hierro.
  • Se presenta en forma de granos de tamaño micrométrico junto a la catirquita y la cupalita cristalinas.

Conclusiones:

  • Este descubrimiento proporciona la primera evidencia de la formación y persistencia de un cuasicristal bajo condiciones geológicas naturales.
  • Los hallazgos desafían las suposiciones anteriores sobre el origen sintético exclusivo de los cuasicristales.
  • Se necesita más investigación para dilucidar los procesos naturales específicos responsables de la formación de este mineral único.