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Eficacia y rentabilidad de las políticas y programas para reducir los daños causados por el alcohol
Peter Anderson1, Dan Chisholm, Daniela C Fuhr
1School for Public Health and Primary Care, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands. peteranderson.mail@gmail.com
Lancet (London, England)
|June 30, 2009
Resumen
Las estrategias efectivas de reducción de los daños del alcohol se centran en regular el precio y la disponibilidad del alcohol. Las políticas como el aumento de los impuestos y las prohibiciones de publicidad son altamente rentables, mientras que la educación basada en la escuela muestra un impacto limitado.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
- Política de salud Política de salud
- Investigación sobre el abuso de sustancias Investigación sobre el abuso de sustancias.
Sus antecedentes:
- El consumo de alcohol plantea desafíos significativos para la salud pública a nivel mundial.
- Las intervenciones existentes varían en eficacia y rentabilidad.
- Se necesita una revisión exhaustiva de la evidencia para guiar la política.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar la evidencia sobre la efectividad y la rentabilidad de las políticas de reducción de daños por alcohol.
- Identificar estrategias clave para reducir los daños relacionados con el alcohol en varios dominios.
- Informar las decisiones políticas con respecto a las medidas de control del alcohol.
Principales métodos:
- Se emplearon revisiones sistemáticas y metanálisis.
- La evidencia se sintetizó en diversas áreas de intervención, incluida la educación, el sector de la salud, la acción comunitaria, el manejo en estado de ebriedad, la disponibilidad, el marketing, los precios, la reducción de daños y el alcohol ilícito.
- La rentabilidad fue una consideración primordial.
Principales resultados:
- Las políticas que regulan el precio y la disponibilidad de alcohol son efectivas para reducir el daño.
- La aplicación de la legislación sobre conducción en estado de ebriedad y las intervenciones para los bebedores en riesgo muestran efectividad.
- La educación escolar es ineficaz; las campañas de información pública juegan un papel en el establecimiento de la agenda.
- El aumento de la proporción de alcohol gravado es efectivo en entornos con una alta producción no registrada.
Conclusiones:
- La regulación del precio y la disponibilidad de alcohol, junto con la legislación aplicada, son estrategias clave efectivas.
- La prohibición de la publicidad del alcohol y el aumento del precio del alcohol son altamente rentables.
- El enfoque de la política debe cambiar hacia las regulaciones ambientales y de precios para un mayor impacto.
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