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Pruebas de carbonato de calcio en el sitio de aterrizaje Mars Phoenix
W V Boynton1, D W Ming, S P Kounaves
1Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. wboynton@LPL.Arizona.edu
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|July 4, 2009
Resumen
El carbonato de calcio se encontró en los suelos marcianos, lo que indica la actividad del agua líquida en el pasado. Este descubrimiento proporciona evidencia de agua antigua en Marte, crucial para comprender su historia geológica.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias planetarias Ciencias planetarias.
- Astrobiología Astrobiología.
- La geoquímica es la geoquímica.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los carbonatos son indicadores clave de procesos acuosos pasados en las superficies planetarias.
- La comprensión de la historia geológica marciana se basa en la identificación de evidencia de agua en el pasado.
- Misiones anteriores han buscado evidencia de agua y habitabilidad en Marte.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para identificar y cuantificar el carbonato de calcio en suelos marcianos cerca del sitio de aterrizaje de Phoenix.
- Determinar las condiciones de formación y las implicaciones del carbonato de calcio detectado para la historia pasada del agua marciana.
Principales métodos:
- Se empleó calorimetría de barrido para detectar transiciones mineralógicas.
- Análisis de las transiciones endotérmicas y la evolución del dióxido de carbono a aproximadamente 725°C.
- Evaluación de la capacidad de amortiguación del pH del suelo contra la adición de ácido.
Principales resultados:
- Se identificó carbonato de calcio en los suelos marcianos, presente en un 3-5 por ciento en peso.
- El mineral exhibió una transición endotérmica alrededor de 725°C con liberación de CO2.
- El suelo demostró capacidades significativas de amortiguación del pH.
Conclusiones:
- La presencia y cantidad de carbonato de calcio son consistentes con la formación a través de la interacción del CO2 atmosférico con las películas de agua líquida superficial.
- Este hallazgo apoya fuertemente la hipótesis de la actividad pasada de agua líquida en la superficie marciana.
- Los resultados proporcionan información valiosa sobre el clima antiguo de Marte y su potencial habitabilidad.
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