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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Precipitation Processes01:12

Precipitation Processes

The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
States of Water01:23

States of Water

Water exists in any one of the three classical states: solid (ice), liquid (water), and gas (steam or water vapor). The state of water depends on i) the intermolecular forces that draw molecules together and ii) the kinetic energy that leads to movements that pull them apart.
Water freezes when the intermolecular forces are greater than the kinetic energy. Unlike most other substances, water is less dense in its solid state than in its liquid state. This is because each water molecule can form...
Precipitation and Co-precipitation01:17

Precipitation and Co-precipitation

Precipitation and coprecipitation methods can be used to separate a mixture of ions in a solution. In qualitative inorganic analysis, ions that form sparingly soluble precipitates with the same reagent are separated based on the differences in solubility products. For example, consider the separation of Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions by precipitation as insoluble sulfides. First, copper(II) sulfide is precipitated by the addition of acidic H2S, where the dissociation of H2S is suppressed. Adding H2S...
Precipitation of Ions03:11

Precipitation of Ions

Predicting Precipitation
The equation that describes the equilibrium between solid calcium carbonate and its solvated ions is:
Types of Coprecipitation01:10

Types of Coprecipitation

Coprecipitation is the contamination of a precipitate by otherwise soluble species and occurs via different processes. In colloidal precipitates, coprecipitation occurs via surface adsorption. For instance, barium sulfate has a primary layer of adsorbed barium ions and a secondary layer of nitrate counterions. This results in contamination of the precipitate by barium nitrate.
Sometimes, ions in a crystal lattice can undergo isomorphous replacement by inclusions of similar charge and size. For...
Precipitation Gravimetry01:03

Precipitation Gravimetry

Precipitation gravimetry is based on converting an analyte into a sparingly soluble precipitate, which is separated by filtration and weighed. An ideal precipitate should be pure, insoluble, of known composition, and easily filtered from the reaction mixture.
In determining nickel by gravimetric analysis, a precipitant of ethanolic dimethylglyoxime is added to a hot nickel salt solution. This is quickly followed by the dropwise addition of dilute ammonia solution until precipitation occurs. A...

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Simulating Impacts of Ice Storms on Forest Ecosystems
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Marte nubes de hielo de agua y precipitación.

J A Whiteway1, L Komguem, C Dickinson

  • 1Department of Earth and Space Science and Engineering, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. whiteway@yorku.ca

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|July 4, 2009
PubMed
Resumen

Marte Marte es el planeta Marte.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Ciencias planetarias Ciencias planetarias.
  • Ciencias de la atmósfera Ciencias atmosféricas.
  • Física de las nubes Física de las nubes.

Sus antecedentes:

  • La misión Phoenix observó nubes marcianas de hielo de agua.
  • Las nubes se asemejan a las nubes cirrus de la Tierra.
  • Las rachas de otoño indican la precipitación de cristales de hielo.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar las nubes de hielo de agua de la atmósfera marciana.
  • Comprender la formación de nubes y los procesos de precipitación.
  • Caracterice el papel de la capa límite planetaria.

Principales métodos:

  • Utilizó el instrumento LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) de la misión Phoenix.
  • Se analizaron las mediciones de polvo atmosférico.
  • Estructuras de nubes observadas y rayas de caída.

Principales resultados:

  • Nubes de hielo de agua detectadas en la parte superior de la capa límite planetaria (PBL) y cerca del suelo.
  • PBL fue bien mezclado hasta 4 km por convección diurna.
  • Las nubes se formaban todas las noches a finales del verano a medida que las temperaturas disminuían.

Conclusiones:

  • Las nubes de hielo de agua marcianas se forman cada noche a partir del vapor de agua mezclado hacia arriba.
  • La convección y la turbulencia juegan un papel clave en la formación de nubes.
  • Los ciclos de precipitación implican la formación de cristales de hielo y su caída a la superficie.