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Evolución del plano corporal de la tortuga por el plegamiento y la creación de nuevas conexiones musculares
Hiroshi Nagashima1, Fumiaki Sugahara, Masaki Takechi
1Laboratory for Evolutionary Morphology, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minami, Kobe 650-0047, Japan.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|July 11, 2009
Resumen
La evolución de la tortuga revela un plan corporal único de los vertebrados donde las costillas forman el caparazón, encapsulando la escápula. Este cambio en el desarrollo, impulsado por el crecimiento embrionario de las costillas, explica la distinta anatomía de la tortuga.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Biología evolutiva Biología evolutiva.
- Biología del desarrollo Biología del desarrollo.
- La anatomía comparada es una anatomía comparada.
Sus antecedentes:
- El caparazón de tortuga (carapaz) representa una modificación significativa del plan corporal típico de los vertebrados.
- La comprensión de la evolución de las tortugas depende de cómo se forma el caparazón y su relación con las estructuras amnióticas ancestrales.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar los mecanismos de desarrollo subyacentes al plan corporal único de la tortuga.
- Para comparar el desarrollo musculoesquelético en tortugas con otros amniotas para identificar cambios evolutivos.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis comparativo del desarrollo musculoesquelético.
- Estudios de embriogénesis en la tortuga china de caparazón blando y otros amniotas.
Principales resultados:
- El desarrollo temprano de las tortugas sigue el patrón general de amniotas.
- Durante la embriogénesis, la expansión lateral de las costillas conduce a la encapsulación de la escápula.
- Los músculos de las extremidades desarrollan nuevos apegos específicos de las tortugas al caparazón en formación.
Conclusiones:
- El plan corporal único de la tortuga se origina en la heterotopía, que implica el plegamiento embrionario y nuevas conexiones esqueléticas.
- Estas modificaciones explican la divergencia evolutiva de la anatomía de la tortuga de otros amniotas.
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