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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Chromatin Packaging01:32

Chromatin Packaging

Each human somatic cell contains 6 billion base pairs of DNA. Each base pair is 0.34 nm long, meaning each diploid cell contains a staggering 2 meters of DNA. This long DNA strand is packed inside a nucleus measuring only 10-20 microns in diameter with the help of specialized DNA-binding proteins called histones. Together they form a compact DNA-protein complex called chromatin. The chromatin is further compacted into higher-order structures. The highest level of compaction is achieved during...
Chromatin Packaging02:21

Chromatin Packaging

Each human somatic cell contains 6 billion base-pairs of DNA. Each base-pair is 0.34 nm long, which means that each diploid cell contains a staggering 2 meters of DNA. How is such a long DNA strand packed inside a nucleus measuring only 10 - 20 microns in diameter? 
The chromatin
In combination with specialized DNA binding protein called Histones, the DNA double helix forms a compact DNA: protein complex called chromatin. The chromatin itself is further compacted into higher-order structures.
Chromatin Packaging02:21

Chromatin Packaging

Each human somatic cell contains 6 billion base-pairs of DNA. Each base-pair is 0.34 nm long, which means that each diploid cell contains a staggering 2 meters of DNA. How is such a long DNA strand packed inside a nucleus measuring only 10 - 20 microns in diameter? 
The chromatin
In combination with specialized DNA binding protein called Histones, the DNA double helix forms a compact DNA: protein complex called chromatin. The chromatin itself is further compacted into higher-order structures.
The Nucleosome01:19

The Nucleosome

Human DNA is almost two meters long. However, it is compressed inside a tiny nucleus measuring only a few microns in diameter. To make this degree of compaction possible, DNA is organized into several sequential levels so that it can fit into such a tiny space. The most compact form of DNA is a chromosome that can be seen under a microscope in a dividing cell.
In a chromosome, DNA is wound twice around a protein complex called a histone octamer core, which consists of 8 histone proteins. This...
The Nucleosome02:33

The Nucleosome

DNA in a human cell is almost 2m long and it is packed inside a tiny nucleus that is only a few microns in diameter. The level of compaction of DNA inside the nucleus is astonishing. It is organized into several sequentially higher levels of compaction to fit into such a tiny space. The most compact form of DNA is a chromosome that can be seen under a microscope in a dividing cell.
DNA is wound twice around a protein complex called histone core, that consist of 8 histone proteins. This complex...
The Nucleosome02:33

The Nucleosome

DNA in a human cell is almost 2m long and it is packed inside a tiny nucleus that is only a few microns in diameter. The level of compaction of DNA inside the nucleus is astonishing. It is organized into several sequentially higher levels of compaction to fit into such a tiny space. The most compact form of DNA is a chromosome that can be seen under a microscope in a dividing cell.
DNA is wound twice around a protein complex called histone core, that consist of 8 histone proteins. This complex...

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CD Spectroscopy to Study DNA-Protein Interactions
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CD Spectroscopy to Study DNA-Protein Interactions

Published on: February 10, 2022

Los nucleosomas centroméricos inducen las superbobinas de ADN positivo.

Takehito Furuyama1, Steven Henikoff

  • 1Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.

Cell
|July 15, 2009
PubMed
Resumen

La herencia de los centrómeros se basa en nucleosomas únicos que contienen la variante de histona CenH3.3. Estos nucleosomas inducen un superenrolamiento positivo, a diferencia de los nucleosomas histónicos canónicos, lo que podría explicar la estabilidad del centrómero.

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Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

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Immunofluorescence Analysis of Endogenous and Exogenous Centromere-kinetochore Proteins

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • La epigenética es la epigenética.
  • Biología Molecular Biología Molecular
  • Biología cromosómica Biología cromosómica.

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los centrómeros son cruciales para la segregación cromosómica, pero sus mecanismos de mantenimiento epigenético siguen sin estar claros.
  • La identidad del centrómero depende de los nucleosomas con la variante de histona CenH3, que reemplaza al H3.3 canónico.
  • Los nucleosomas H3 canónicos envuelven el ADN con la mano izquierda, induciendo superbobinas negativas.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para investigar las propiedades biofísicas de los nucleosomas CenH3.
  • Determinar la función in vivo de los nucleosomas CenH3 en la herencia de los centrómeros.
  • Para dilucidar el mecanismo de mantenimiento del centrómero.

Principales métodos:

  • Reconstitución de los nucleosomas de Drosophila CenH3.
  • Ensayos de superenrolamiento de ADN. ensayos de superenrolamiento de ADN.
  • Estudios in vivo con el uso de minicromosomas de levadura en ciernes.
  • Análisis de los mutantes de las proteínas kinetochore sensibles a la temperatura.

Principales resultados:

  • Los nucleosomas CenH3 inducen superbobinas positivas, lo que indica una envoltura de ADN hacia la derecha.
  • Se confirmó el superenrolamiento positivo por CenH3 en centrómeros funcionales de levadura.
  • Esta topología única sugiere nucleosomas no octaméricos y superficies disponibles para las proteínas kinetochore.

Conclusiones:

  • El envoltorio de ADN de la mano derecha por los nucleosomas CenH3 es una característica clave de la identidad de los centrómeros.
  • La topología distinta de los nucleosomas CenH3 puede evitar la mezcla con los nucleosomas canónicos, asegurando la singularidad del locus centromero.
  • Este mecanismo proporciona información sobre el mantenimiento epigenético y la herencia de los centrómeros.