Video Experimental Relacionado
Updated: Jun 21, 2026
08:46
Fertility Preservation Through Oocyte Vitrification: Clinical and Laboratory Perspectives
Published on: September 16, 2021
Terapia hormonal y cáncer de ovario
Lina Steinrud Mørch1, Ellen Løkkegaard, Anne Helms Andreasen
1Gynaecological Clinic, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. linamorch@yahoo.dk
JAMA
|July 16, 2009
Resumen
La terapia hormonal posmenopáusica aumenta el riesgo de cáncer de ovario, independientemente de la formulación o la duración. El riesgo disminuye después del cese, con un aumento absoluto de aproximadamente 1 caso adicional por cada 8300 mujeres al año.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ginecología Ginecología.
- Oncología Oncología Oncología.
- Epidemiología La epidemiología.
Sus antecedentes:
- El uso de la terapia hormonal posmenopáusica (HT) está relacionado con un mayor riesgo de cáncer de ovario.
- Existen datos limitados sobre cómo las diferentes formulaciones, regímenes y vías de administración de HT afectan este riesgo.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar la asociación entre varias terapias hormonales y el riesgo de cáncer de ovario en mujeres perimenopáusicas y posmenopáusicas.
Principales métodos:
- Un estudio de cohorte prospectivo a nivel nacional en Dinamarca (1995-2005) incluyó a casi un millón de mujeres de 50 a 79 años.
- Los datos de prescripción a nivel individual y los registros nacionales de cáncer se utilizaron para rastrear el uso de HT y la incidencia de cáncer de ovario.
- El análisis de regresión de Poisson evaluó la exposición hormonal como una covariante dependiente del tiempo.
Principales resultados:
- Las usuarias actuales de HT mostraron un aumento del 38% en el riesgo de todos los cánceres de ovario (IRR 1.38) y un aumento del 44% en el riesgo de cáncer de ovario epitelial (IRR 1.44) en comparación con las no usuarias.
- El riesgo de cáncer de ovario disminuyó con el tiempo desde el último uso de HT, volviéndose no significativo después de 2-4 años.
- No se observaron diferencias significativas en el riesgo en función de la formulación de HT, la duración o el tipo de progestina.
Conclusiones:
- La terapia hormonal se asocia con un mayor riesgo de cáncer de ovario.
- Este aumento del riesgo es consistente en diferentes formulaciones, dosis, regímenes y vías de administración de HT.
- Los hallazgos destacan la importancia de considerar el riesgo de cáncer de ovario en las mujeres que usan terapia hormonal.
Videos de Conceptos Relacionados
01:30Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle
The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
Before puberty, the hypothalamus releases GnRH in a low frequency, low amplitude pulsatile manner. This along with the immature hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, results in low estrogen levels and the absence of a fully functional ovarian cycle. At puberty, GnRH secretion increases in both frequency and...
Before puberty, the hypothalamus releases GnRH in a low frequency, low amplitude pulsatile manner. This along with the immature hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, results in low estrogen levels and the absence of a fully functional ovarian cycle. At puberty, GnRH secretion increases in both frequency and...
02:49Cancer Therapies
Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
01:22Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle
The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH release.
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH release.
02:57Targeted Cancer Therapies
The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
02:07Oogenesis
In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...
01:27Ovarian Cycle
The menstrual cycle includes a critical component known as the ovarian cycle, which undergoes two main phases each month—the follicular phase and the luteal phase. The follicular phase is variable and averaging around 14 days. Ovulation, triggered by a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH), marks the transition between the two phases. The second phase, the luteal phase, is relatively consistent, lasting approximately 14 days, and is marked by the activity of the corpus luteum. While a cycle length...