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La polilla tigre se atasca en el sonar del murciélago.

Aaron J Corcoran1, Jesse R Barber, William E Conner

  • 1Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27106, USA. corcaj8@wfu.edu

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|July 18, 2009
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Las polillas tigre atascan el sonar del murciélago con clics ultrasónicos, una defensa contra los murciélagos depredadores. Este descubrimiento revela una nueva estrategia anti-murciélago en la batalla evolutiva en curso entre los insectos y los murciélagos.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • La bioacústica es la bioacústica.
  • Comportamiento animal Comportamiento animal.
  • Biología evolutiva Biología evolutiva.

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los murciélagos usan el sonar para cazar, lo que representa una amenaza para los insectos.
  • Algunas polillas tigre producen clics ultrasónicos para disuadir a los murciélagos.
  • Investigaciones anteriores sugirieron que estos clics alertan a los murciélagos sobre la toxicidad o los asustan, pero la evidencia de interferencia del sonar no fue concluyente.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para investigar si la polilla tigre hace clic en el sonar de murciélago de mermelada.
  • Para entender los mecanismos defensivos de las polillas tigre palatables contra los murciélagos.

Principales métodos:

  • Utilizó grabación ultrasónica para capturar sonidos de polillas y murciélagos.
  • Empleó videografía infrarroja de alta velocidad para observar las interacciones entre murciélagos y polillas.
  • Analizó datos acústicos y de comportamiento de experimentos controlados.

Principales resultados:

  • Se demostró que la placentera polilla tigre Bertholdia trigona bloquea el sonar de los grandes murciélagos marrones (Eptesicus fuscus) que atacan.
  • Los clics ultrasónicos producidos por B. trigona interfieren efectivamente con la ecolocalización del murciélago.
  • Este comportamiento de interferencia se observó en encuentros en tiempo real con murciélagos y polillas.

Conclusiones:

  • El bloqueo del sonar es una estrategia defensiva confirmada para las presas contra los murciélagos.
  • Este hallazgo amplía el repertorio conocido de adaptaciones anti-depredador en insectos.
  • Destaca la compleja carrera armamentista evolutiva entre los murciélagos y sus presas de insectos.