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Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...

Cell Specific Gene Expression

Cell Specific Gene Expression

Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...

Cell Specific Gene Expression

Cell Specific Gene Expression

Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...

Structure of a Gene

Structure of a Gene

A gene is the fundamental unit of heredity. Every individual has two copies of each gene, one inherited from each parent. Although most people contain the same genes, there is a small fraction that is slightly different amongst people. A gene with a small difference in its sequence of DNA bases forms different alleles, contributing to different phenotypes.
However, only 1% of the DNA is composed of genes that encode proteins; the rest, 99% is non-coding DNA. This non-coding DNA performs...

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Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Single-cell Gene Expression Profiling Using FACS and qPCR with Internal Standards

Single-cell Gene Expression Profiling Using FACS and qPCR with Internal Standards

Published on: February 25, 2017

La variación reguladora común impacta la expresión génica de una manera dependiente del tipo de célula.

Antigone S Dimas¹, Samuel Deutsch, Barbara E Stranger

¹Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, CB10 1HH, Cambridge, UK.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|August 1, 2009

Resumen

Comprender la variación genética.

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Área de la Ciencia:

La genómica es la genómica.
Biología Molecular Biología Molecular
Genética Humana Genética Humana.

Sus antecedentes:

Las variaciones genéticas influyen en los fenotipos y las enfermedades humanas.
Las variantes funcionales pueden actuar de una manera específica del tejido.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para investigar los efectos genéticos específicos del tipo de célula en la expresión génica.
Identificar las variantes reguladoras y su asociación con la expresión génica en diferentes tipos de células.

Principales métodos:

El perfil de expresión génica se realizó en tres tipos de células de 75 individuos.
Se realizó un análisis de asociación entre las variantes genéticas (polimorfismos de un solo nucleótido) y los niveles de expresión génica.
Identificaron loci de rasgos cuantitativos expresivos (eQTL) y analizaron su especificidad de tipo celular.

Principales resultados:

69-80% de las variantes reguladoras exhibieron efectos específicos del tipo de célula.
Se identificaron múltiples eQTL por gen, algunos únicos y otros compartidos entre tipos de células.
Los eQTL específicos para el tipo de célula se encontraron a mayores distancias de los genes con tamaños de efecto más pequeños.

Conclusiones:

La regulación de la expresión génica está significativamente influenciada por el tipo de célula. contexto.
Una comprensión completa de las variantes reguladoras requiere un análisis específico del tipo de célula.
Este enfoque revela un repertorio más amplio de variantes regulatorias que afectan los rasgos humanos.