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Los endocannabinoides espinales y los receptores CB1 median la sensibilización al dolor heterosináptico inducida por
Alejandro J Pernía-Andrade1, Ako Kato, Robert Witschi
1Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|August 8, 2009
Resumen
Una fuerte entrada nociceptiva desencadena los endocannabinoides espinales, activando los receptores cannabinoides CB1. Esto reduce la inhibición en el cuerno dorsal espinal, lo que lleva a la sensibilización al dolor central.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La neurociencia es la neurociencia.
- Investigación del dolor Investigación del dolor.
- Fisiología de la médula espinal fisiología de la médula espinal
Sus antecedentes:
- La disminución de la inhibición sináptica en el cuerno dorsal espinal contribuye al dolor crónico.
- Las vías conocidas implican estados de dolor inflamatorio y neuropático.
- La hiperalgesia central puede ocurrir sin inflamación o neuropatía, desencadenada por una intensa entrada nociceptiva.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar los mecanismos de la hiperalgesia central desencadenada por una intensa entrada nociceptiva.
- Identificar el papel de los endocannabinoides y los receptores cannabinoides en este proceso.
- Comprender su contribución a los circuitos de control del dolor en el cuerno dorsal.
Principales métodos:
- Centrado en la respuesta del cuerno dorsal espinal a una intensa estimulación nociceptiva.
- Examinó el papel de los endocannabinoides y los receptores de cannabinoides (CB1) de tipo 1.
- Investigó el impacto en la liberación sináptica de neurotransmisores inhibidores como el GABA y la glicina.
Principales resultados:
- Una fuerte estimulación nociceptiva produce endocannabinoides en el cuerno dorsal espinal.
- Los endocannabinoides activan los receptores CB1 en las neuronas inhibitorias del cuerno dorsal.
- Esta activación reduce la liberación de GABA y glicina, disminuyendo la inhibición sináptica.
- Las neuronas nociceptivas se vuelven excitables por estímulos no dolorosos, lo que indica sensibilización.
Conclusiones:
- Los endocannabinoides espinales y los receptores CB1 median la sensibilización al dolor heterosináptico.
- Juegan un papel inesperado en los circuitos de control del dolor del cuerno dorsal.
- Estos hallazgos ofrecen objetivos potenciales para el manejo de ciertos tipos de dolor crónico.
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