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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore called induced pluripotent stem...
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic cells are...
Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012 for this...
Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
iPS Cell Differentiation01:22

iPS Cell Differentiation

The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for injury repair.

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Updated: May 11, 2026

Reprogramming Human Somatic Cells into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) Using Retroviral Vector with GFP
08:25

Reprogramming Human Somatic Cells into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) Using Retroviral Vector with GFP

Published on: April 3, 2012

La inmortalización elimina un obstáculo durante la reprogramación celular en células iPS.

Jochen Utikal1, Jose M Polo, Matthias Stadtfeld

  • 1Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.

Nature
|August 12, 2009
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

La reprogramación de las células somáticas en células madre pluripotentes inducidas (iPS) se acelera al superar la senescencia. La pérdida de la vía Arf-Trp53 mejora la eficiencia y la cinética de la generación de células iPS.

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Efficient iPS Cell Generation from Blood Using Episomes and HDAC Inhibitors
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Generation of Integration-free Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Using Episomal Vectors
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Published on: January 1, 2017

Área de la Ciencia:

  • La reprogramación celular es la reprogramación celular.
  • Biología de las células madre Biología de las células madre
  • Biología del cáncer Biología del cáncer.

Sus antecedentes:

  • La reprogramación de las células somáticas en células madre pluripotentes inducidas (iPS) es ineficiente y lenta.
  • La senescencia, un estado de detención replicativa, impide la eficiencia de la reprogramación.
  • Las barreras específicas para una reprogramación eficiente siguen siendo en gran medida desconocidas.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar el papel de la senescencia celular y la vía Arf-Trp53 en la reprogramación de las células somáticas.
  • Identificar los factores que mejoran la eficiencia y la cinética de la generación de células iPS.
  • Para aclarar la relación entre la inmortalidad celular y la adquisición de pluripotencia.

Principales métodos:

  • Utilizó fibroblastos murinos primarios y líneas celulares inmortalizadas.
  • Manipuló la expresión de p19 ((Arf) y componentes de la vía Arf-Trp53.
  • Evaluó la eficiencia y la cinética de la formación de colonias celulares iPS.
  • Ablación genética empleada de Trp53 (p53) en subpoblaciones celulares específicas.

Principales resultados:

  • Los fibroblastos con bajos niveles de p19 ((Arf) o deficientes en la vía Arf-Trp53 exhibieron una cinética de reprogramación hasta tres veces más rápida y una eficiencia significativamente mayor.
  • La ablación genética aguda de Trp53 (p53) rescató la capacidad de reprogramación de las subpoblaciones celulares no reprogramables.
  • La adquisición de la inmortalidad celular se identificó como un paso crucial, que limita la velocidad para establecer la pluripotencia.

Conclusiones:

  • La vía Arf-Trp53 actúa como una barrera significativa para la reprogramación eficiente de las células somáticas.
  • Superar la senescencia y lograr la inmortalidad celular son fundamentales para mejorar la generación de células iPS.
  • La pluripotencia inducida comparte similitudes fundamentales con la tumorigénesis, particularmente con respecto a la adquisición de la inmortalidad.