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La actividad física, la dieta y el riesgo de enfermedad de Alzheimer
Nikolaos Scarmeas1, Jose A Luchsinger, Nicole Schupf
1Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain and Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, 622 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032, USA. ns257@columbia.edu
JAMA
|August 13, 2009
Resumen
Adherirse a una dieta de tipo mediterráneo y participar en actividad física regular reduce significativamente el riesgo de enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA). La combinación de ambos factores de estilo de vida ofrece un efecto protector contra el desarrollo de la enfermedad de Alzheimer.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La neurociencia es la neurociencia.
- Epidemiología La epidemiología.
- Gerontología Gerontología.
Sus antecedentes:
- El riesgo de enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) está influenciado por factores del estilo de vida.
- La dieta de tipo mediterráneo y la actividad física están vinculadas de forma independiente a la reducción del riesgo de EA.
- El impacto combinado de la dieta y la actividad física en el riesgo de EA sigue siendo poco investigado.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Examinar la asociación sinérgica entre la adherencia a la dieta tipo mediterránea y los niveles de actividad física con el riesgo de enfermedad de Alzheimer.
- Para determinar si las intervenciones combinadas de estilo de vida ofrecen una mayor protección contra la enfermedad de Alzheimer que los componentes individuales.
Principales métodos:
- Estudio de cohorte prospectivo que involucra a 1880 ancianos cognitivamente intactos.
- La adherencia a la dieta y los niveles de actividad física se evaluaron utilizando medidas validadas.
- Los modelos de riesgos proporcionales de Cox analizaron el tiempo hasta la aparición de la enfermedad de Alzheimer, ajustando las covariables.
Principales resultados:
- Una mayor adherencia a una dieta de tipo mediterráneo se asoció con una reducción significativa en el riesgo de EA (RH = 0,60 para una alta adherencia).
- El aumento de los niveles de actividad física también se relacionó de manera independiente con un menor riesgo de EA (HR = 0,67 para la alta actividad).
- Las personas con alta adherencia a la dieta y alta actividad física mostraron un riesgo absoluto sustancialmente reducido de EA (12% frente a 19%).
Conclusiones:
- Tanto la adherencia a la dieta tipo mediterránea como la actividad física se asocian de forma independiente con una disminución del riesgo de enfermedad de Alzheimer.
- La combinación de una dieta saludable y ejercicio regular puede proporcionar un efecto protector sinérgico contra la EA.
- Estos hallazgos apoyan las intervenciones de estilo de vida para la prevención de la enfermedad de Alzheimer.
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