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La carga de las enfermedades no transmisibles en Sudáfrica
Bongani M Mayosi1, Alan J Flisher, Umesh G Lalloo
1Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. bongani.mayosi@uct.ac.za
Lancet (London, England)
|August 28, 2009
Resumen
Sudáfrica se enfrenta a una carga de enfermedades cuádruple, con el aumento de las enfermedades no transmisibles (ENT) que afectan a la atención médica. Abordar esto requiere fortalecer la atención primaria e integrar los servicios para enfermedades crónicas y VIH / SIDA.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
- Epidemiología La epidemiología.
- Sistemas de Salud Investigación de Sistemas de Salud
Sus antecedentes:
- Sudáfrica está experimentando una transición significativa en la salud 15 años después de la democratización.
- Una carga cuádruple de enfermedades (transmisibles, no transmisibles, perinatales / maternas, lesiones) caracteriza esta transición.
- Las enfermedades no transmisibles (ENT) son cada vez más frecuentes tanto en las zonas urbanas como en las rurales, afectando particularmente a las poblaciones urbanas empobrecidas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para resaltar el creciente desafío de la carga cuadruplicada de la enfermedad en Sudáfrica.
- Hacer hincapié en la creciente presión sobre los servicios de salud debido a las ENT.
- Solicitar una respuesta nacional integral para gestionar la carga combinada del VIH/SIDA y las ENT.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de los cambios demográficos y el impacto del VIH/SIDA en la esperanza de vida.
- Evaluación del aumento proyectado de la carga de enfermedad con el despliegue de la terapia antirretroviral.
- Revisión de las intervenciones necesarias para la prevención primaria y secundaria de enfermedades.
Principales resultados:
- Los cambios demográficos, incluido el envejecimiento de la población, contribuyen al aumento de las ENT.
- Se espera que la efectividad de la terapia antirretroviral en la reducción de la mortalidad por VIH/SIDA aumente la carga de las ENT.
- Los sistemas de salud existentes se enfrentan a una creciente presión de enfermedades tanto transmisibles como no transmisibles.
Conclusiones:
- El sistema de salud de Sudáfrica debe adaptarse a una carga de enfermedades compleja y creciente.
- El fortalecimiento de la atención primaria de salud basada en el distrito es crucial para el manejo integrado de enfermedades crónicas.
- Se necesita una iniciativa nacional para establecer centros de excelencia para la atención integrada de enfermedades infecciosas y no transmisibles.
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