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Realización de una fase de gas cuántico excitado y fuertemente correlacionado
Elmar Haller1, Mattias Gustavsson, Manfred J Mark
1Institut für Experimentalphysik und Zentrum für Quantenphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|September 5, 2009
Resumen
Los investigadores crearon una nueva fase cuántica altamente excitada en átomos ultrafríos. Este avance permite estudiar sistemas de muchos cuerpos metastables con fuertes correlaciones, anteriormente inaccesibles.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Física atómica ultrafría de la física atómica ultrafría
- Sistemas cuánticos de muchos cuerpos.
- Física de baja dimensión.
Sus antecedentes:
- El estudio de sistemas de muchos cuerpos fuertemente correlacionados en dimensiones inferiores es crucial.
- Por lo general, solo las fases de estado fundamental son experimentalmente accesibles en estos sistemas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para realizar y controlar una fase cuántica altamente excitada en una geometría unidimensional.
- Investigar la estabilización de esta fase por las interacciones atractivas y las correlaciones cuánticas.
- Para explorar el cruce entre las interacciones repulsivas y atractivas.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizó un gas cuántico sintonizable de átomos bosónicos de cesio.
- Diseñado una geometría unidimensional.
- Correlaciones cuánticas controladas a través de una resonancia inducida por el confinamiento.
Principales resultados:
- Realizó y controló con éxito una fase cuántica altamente excitada.
- Estabilización observada de la fase excitada debido a interacciones atractivas y correlaciones cuánticas fortalecidas.
- Diagnosticó el cruce de interacción midiendo la rigidez y la energía del sistema.
Conclusiones:
- Abrió nuevas vías para el estudio experimental de las fases metestables, excitadas y de muchos cuerpos.
- Permitió la investigación de las propiedades dinámicas de estos complejos estados cuánticos.
- Avanzó la comprensión de las correlaciones cuánticas en sistemas atómicos ultrafríos de baja dimensión.
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