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Retroviruses are RNA viruses that have been shown to cause cancers in diverse species, including chickens, mice, cats, and monkeys. The RNA genomes of these viruses are first reverse-transcribed into single and then double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) copies. This dsDNA called proviral DNA then integrates into the host genome. Subsequently, the host cell transcribes the proviral DNA in concert with the chromosomal DNA. This leads to the production of viral RNA and proteins that assemble at the host...
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Amplification, Next-generation Sequencing, and Genomic DNA Mapping of Retroviral Integration Sites
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Macroevolución de los retrovirus complejos

Aris Katzourakis1, Robert J Gifford, Michael Tristem

  • 1Zoology Department, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK. aris.katzourakis@zoo.ox.ac.uk

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|September 19, 2009
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Los investigadores descubrieron un fósil de un antiguo virus espumoso en los genomas de perezosos, revelando más de 100 millones de años de codivergencia viral con los mamíferos. Este hallazgo arroja luz sobre el conflicto evolutivo y la dinámica huésped-patógeno.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Virología Virología.
  • La paleogenómica es la paleogenómica.
  • Biología evolutiva Biología evolutiva.

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los retrovirus endógenos (ERV) proporcionan un registro fósil genómico de infecciones virales pasadas en los huéspedes.
  • Los virus espumosos (FV), un tipo de retrovirus complejo que infecta a los mamíferos, han estado en gran medida ausentes de este registro genómico.
  • Comprender la historia evolutiva de los VF es crucial para descifrar las interacciones huésped-patógeno.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para investigar la historia evolutiva de los virus espumosos en los mamíferos.
  • Para identificar evidencia de virus espumosos endógenos en los genomas del huésped.
  • Para explorar la escala de tiempo de la codivergencia espumosa entre virus y mamíferos y sus implicaciones evolutivas.

Principales métodos:

  • Análisis genómico del ADN de perezosos para identificar secuencias retrovirales.
  • Análisis filogenético para establecer relaciones evolutivas entre virus y huéspedes.
  • Genómica comparativa para evaluar la estructura del genoma viral y los mecanismos inmunes del huésped.

Principales resultados:

  • Descubrimiento de un virus espumoso endógeno (enFV) dentro de los genomas de perezosos.
  • La evidencia indica que los virus espumosos infectaron a los mamíferos hace más de 100 millones de años.
  • Demostración de la codivergencia entre virus espumosos y huéspedes mamíferos a través de una era geológica.
  • Identificación de las restricciones evolutivas en la estructura del genoma viral y el papel del conflicto macroevolucionario.

Conclusiones:

  • Los virus espumosos tienen una profunda historia evolutiva en los mamíferos, codivergiendo con los huéspedes durante más de 100 millones de años.
  • Los virus espumosos endógenos ofrecen información sobre la dinámica evolutiva a largo plazo entre el huésped y el patógeno.
  • El estudio destaca el impacto del conflicto macroevolucionario en los genes accesorios virales y la inmunidad innata del huésped.