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Evolución de una nueva vía fenólica para el desarrollo del polen

Michiyo Matsuno¹, Vincent Compagnon, Guillaume A Schoch

¹Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS-UPR2357, Université de Strasbourg, 28 Rue Goethe, 67083 Strasbourg Cedex, France.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|September 26, 2009

Resumen

La evolución de las plantas implica la creación de genes para la adaptación. Una nueva vía fenólica en las Brassicaceae evolucionó a través de la duplicación de genes y la modificación de las enzimas del citocromo P450, lo que afecta el metabolismo de los fenilpropanoides.

Área de la Ciencia:

Biología vegetal Biología vegetal
Evolución molecular de la evolución molecular.
La bioquímica es la bioquímica.

Sus antecedentes:

La plasticidad metabólica, impulsada por la creación de genes, es crucial para la adaptación y especiación de las plantas.
La diversificación de las enzimas del citocromo P450 ejemplifica este proceso evolutivo en las plantas.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para dilucidar la vía evolutiva que conduce a una nueva vía fenólica en las Brassicaceae.
Comprender el papel de la duplicación genética y la neofuncionalización en la evolución de las enzimas.

Principales métodos:

Análisis de eventos de retroposición, neofuncionalización y duplicación de genes.
Investigación de sustituciones selectivas de aminoácidos en las enzimas del citocromo P450.
Caracterización de una vía de seis hidroxilaciones para la síntesis de N1, N5-di(hidroxiferuloilo) -N10-sinapoylspermidina.

Principales resultados:

Una nueva vía fenólica evolucionó en las Brassicaceae a través de una secuencia de retroposición, neofuncionalización y duplicación.
Dos enzimas del citocromo P450 parcialmente redundantes catalizan seis hidroxilaciones sucesivas.
La vía produce N1, N5-di(hidroxiferuloilo) -N10-sinapoylspermidina, un componente clave del polen.

Conclusiones:

La selección darwiniana positiva impulsa la evolución de las enzimas a través de sustituciones específicas de aminoácidos.
Este estudio revela una vía previamente pasada por alto en el metabolismo del fenilpropanoide.
La duplicación genética y la neofuncionalización son mecanismos clave para la innovación metabólica en las plantas.

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