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Reacción de desplazamiento agua-gas catalizada por enzimas redox en plaquetas conductoras de grafito
Oliver Lazarus1, Thomas W Woolerton, Alison Parkin
1Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, UK.
Journal of the American Chemical Society
|October 8, 2009
Resumen
Este estudio introduce un nuevo catalizador basado en enzimas para la reacción de desplazamiento agua-gas, logrando una alta eficiencia a bajas temperaturas. Este bio-catalizador ofrece una alternativa sostenible a los métodos industriales tradicionales de alta temperatura para la producción de hidrógeno.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La biocatálisis por biocatálisis.
- Ingeniería Química Ingeniería Química.
- Química Sostenible y Sustentable
Sus antecedentes:
- La reacción de desplazamiento de agua-gas (WGS) es crucial para la producción industrial de hidrógeno.
- Los procesos convencionales de WGS requieren altas temperaturas (> 200 ° C) y catalizadores de metal d.
- El desarrollo de catalizadores eficientes y de baja temperatura sigue siendo un desafío importante.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Desarrollar un nuevo catalizador heterogéneo altamente eficiente para la reacción WGS que funcione a bajas temperaturas.
- Para separar la reacción WGS en dos distintas reacciones electroquímicas de media célula catalizadas por enzimas.
- Para comparar la eficiencia del catalizador enzimático con los catalizadores convencionales de alta temperatura.
Principales métodos:
- La reacción WGS se dividió en semicélulas de reducción de H ((+) y de oxidación de CO.
- Las enzimas se inmovilizaron en una partícula conductora para crear un catalizador heterogéneo.
- La hidrogenasa (Hyd-2) de Escherichia coli catalizó la reducción de H ((+).
- La deshidrogenasa de monóxido de carbono (CODH I) de Carboxydothermus hidrogenoformans catalizó la oxidación del CO.
Principales resultados:
- El par de enzimas CODH/Hyd-2 demostró una alta actividad catalítica a 30°C.
- Se logró una frecuencia de rotación de al menos 2,5 s-1 por unidad funcional.
- Esta eficiencia es comparable a la de los catalizadores WGS convencionales de alta temperatura.
- El enfoque enzimático permite la reacción WGS a temperaturas significativamente más bajas.
Conclusiones:
- La catálisis basada en enzimas ofrece una alternativa viable y eficiente para la reacción de desplazamiento agua-gas.
- Este sistema bio-catalítico logra un alto rendimiento a bajas temperaturas, reduciendo los requerimientos de energía.
- El estudio destaca el potencial de las enzimas de ingeniería para los procesos químicos industriales.
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