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Las grandes divisiones: Ardipithecus ramidus revela el postcráneo de nuestros últimos antepasados comunes con los
C Owen Lovejoy1, Gen Suwa, Scott W Simpson
1Department of Anthropology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242-0001, USA. olovejoy@aol.com
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|October 8, 2009
Resumen
La evidencia fósil sugiere que nuestro último antepasado común con los chimpancés y los bonobos carecía de adaptaciones especializadas parecidas a las de los simios. Los modernos simios africanos desarrollaron de forma independiente rasgos como caminar con los nudillos, no heredados de este antepasado.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La paleoantropología es la paleoantropología.
- Biología evolutiva Biología evolutiva.
- La primatología es la primatología.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los datos genómicos identifican a los chimpancés y los bonobos como los parientes vivos más cercanos de los humanos.
- Las complejidades de la regulación génica limitan el uso de simios existentes para inferir la anatomía ancestral.
- El registro fósil ha ofrecido históricamente datos limitados sobre los primeros antepasados hominoides.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para reconstruir la estructura anatómica del último antepasado común compartido por los homínidos y los simios africanos existentes.
- Investigar los orígenes evolutivos de adaptaciones locomotoras especializadas en simios africanos y homínidos.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis del registro fósil, centrándose específicamente en los fósiles hominoides relevantes.
- Evaluación anatómica comparativa de la evidencia fósil frente a las especializaciones de los simios existentes.
- Inferencia de rasgos ancestrales basados en la ausencia de especializaciones derivadas en fósiles clave como el Ardipithecus ramidus.
Principales resultados:
- La evidencia fósil de Ardipithecus ramidus indica que el último antepasado común carecía de estructuras especializadas de manos, pies, pelvis, vertebrales y extremidades para la suspensión, la escalada vertical y el caminar con los nudillos.
- Las especializaciones de simios africanos existentes (suspensión, escalada vertical, caminar con los nudillos) parecen haber evolucionado independientemente.
- La ortograda avanzada (postura vertical) evolucionó en paralelo en los simios africanos y los homínidos.
- La invaginación espinal hominoide reorientó la cintura del hombro lateralmente sin una abreviatura significativa de la columna lumbar.
Conclusiones:
- El último antepasado común probablemente poseía capacidades generalizadas de escalada arbórea y puenteado.
- Las anatomías locomotoras especializadas de los chimpancés y gorilas modernos no son representativas del estado ancestral.
- Estos hallazgos desafían el uso de los simios africanos existentes como modelos para comprender el origen de la bipedalidad humana.
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