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Chagas disease, or American trypanosomiasis, is a vector-borne parasitic infection caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, a flagellated protozoan (kinetoplastid) of the family Trypanosomatidae. The disease is endemic in Latin America, although cases are increasingly reported worldwide due to human migration. Transmission most commonly occurs when feces of infected triatomine bugs contaminate bite wounds or mucosal surfaces; additional routes include congenital, transfusional, transplant-related, and oral...
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Toxoplasmosis, a zoonotic disease caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, poses significant public health challenges globally due to its high seroprevalence and varied clinical manifestations. As an obligate intracellular parasite, T. gondii can infect all warm-blooded vertebrates, but felids are its only definitive hosts, shedding unsporulated oocysts into the environment. Humans typically acquire the infection through ingestion of tissue cysts in undercooked meat or oocysts from...
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Leishmaniasis is a protozoal disease caused by species of the genus Leishmania and transmitted through the bite of infected female sandflies. The parasite exists in two principal morphological forms during its life cycle. A sandfly acquires intracellular amastigotes from an infected reservoir host, such as a dog. Within the sandfly, these forms differentiate into motile, flagellated promastigotes. During a subsequent blood meal, promastigotes are injected into the human host, where they...
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La tripanosomiasis humana africana también se conoce como trypanosomiasis.

Reto Brun1, Johannes Blum, Francois Chappuis

  • 1Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel, Switzerland. reto.brun@unibas.ch

Lancet (London, England)
|October 17, 2009
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

La tripanosomiasis humana africana, o enfermedad del sueño, es una enfermedad tropical descuidada en el África subsahariana. Las necesidades urgentes incluyen mejores diagnósticos, medicamentos más seguros y control coordinado de vectores para su posible eliminación.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Enfermedades tropicales desatendidas y descuidadas.
  • Parasitología Parasitología.
  • La salud pública en África.

Sus antecedentes:

  • La tripanosomiasis humana africana (enfermedad del sueño) es una enfermedad parasitaria protozoaria transmitida por moscas tsé-tsé en el África subsahariana.
  • Trypanosoma brucei gambiense causa casi todos los casos, principalmente en África occidental y central.
  • La prevalencia de la enfermedad fluctúa con los esfuerzos de control, a menudo resurgiendo durante la inestabilidad política.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para resaltar los desafíos en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la enfermedad del sueño.
  • Para enfatizar la necesidad de mejores intervenciones contra esta enfermedad tropical descuidada.
  • Discutir el potencial para la eliminación de enfermedades a través de una acción coordinada.

Principales métodos:

  • Revisión de la comprensión actual de la epidemiología y el control de la enfermedad del sueño.
  • Análisis de las limitaciones en las estrategias de diagnóstico y tratamiento existentes.
  • Evaluación de los requisitos para el control eficaz de vectores y la eliminación de enfermedades.

Principales resultados:

  • La enfermedad del sueño es una enfermedad incapacitante y fatal, con menos de 12.000 casos reportados anualmente.
  • Los tratamientos actuales son antiguos, difíciles de administrar y están asociados con reacciones adversas graves.
  • Las estrategias efectivas de control y eliminación requieren un control integrado de vectores panafricano y programas nacionales fortalecidos.

Conclusiones:

  • Se necesitan urgentemente nuevas herramientas de diagnóstico y medicamentos seguros y eficaces.
  • El control coordinado y panafricano de vectores es esencial para el manejo de focos de enfermedades.
  • Los esfuerzos de colaboración entre programas nacionales, organizaciones internacionales e investigadores podrían llevar a la eliminación de la enfermedad del sueño.