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Evolución y adaptación del genoma en un experimento a largo plazo con Escherichia coli
Jeffrey E Barrick1, Dong Su Yu, Sung Ho Yoon
1Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.
Nature
|October 20, 2009
Resumen
La evolución genómica en Escherichia coli mostró mutaciones beneficiosas constantes durante 20.000 generaciones, contrariamente a las expectativas de evolución neutral. Más tarde, una tasa de mutación elevada condujo a mutaciones neutras variables.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Biología evolutiva Biología evolutiva.
- La genómica es la genómica.
- Evolución de los microbios en la evolución microbiana.
Sus antecedentes:
- El vínculo entre las tasas de evolución genómica y la adaptación del organismo no se entiende bien.
- La evolución experimental en entornos de laboratorio proporciona un poderoso modelo para estudiar esta relación.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la relación entre la evolución genómica y la adaptación utilizando la evolución experimental a largo plazo.
- Para rastrear con precisión los cambios genómicos junto con los cambios adaptativos en un entorno controlado.
Principales métodos:
- Secuenciación de genomas de una población experimental de Escherichia coli durante 40.000 generaciones.
- Análisis de la acumulación de mutaciones y cambios adaptativos a lo largo del experimento.
Principales resultados:
- La evolución genómica se mantuvo notablemente constante durante las primeras 20.000 generaciones, a pesar de la desaceleración de la adaptación.
- La evidencia sugiere que la mayoría de las mutaciones durante este período fueron beneficiosas, no neutrales.
- La población más tarde evolucionó una mayor tasa de mutación, acumulando numerosas mutaciones neutras.
Conclusiones:
- La interacción entre la evolución genómica y la evolución adaptativa es compleja y puede ser contraintuitiva.
- Las sustituciones beneficiosas mostraron uniformidad temporal, mientras que las sustituciones neutras fueron altamente variables en el tiempo.
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