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Organization of Genes02:07

Organization of Genes

Overview
RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
Exon Recombination02:32

Exon Recombination

The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes. 
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon has three reading...
Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

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Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...

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Video Experimental Relacionado

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Structure-function Studies in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells Using Recombinase-mediated Cassette Exchange
15:13

Structure-function Studies in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells Using Recombinase-mediated Cassette Exchange

Published on: April 27, 2017

Los exones codificados.

J M Nigro1, K R Cho, E R Fearon

  • 1Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231.

Cell
|February 8, 1991
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Los investigadores descubrieron transcripciones de ARN codificadas donde los exones de genes están fuera de orden durante el empalme. Esta nueva formación de productos de ARN desafía la comprensión tradicional de la expresión génica y el procesamiento de ARN.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Biología Molecular Biología Molecular
  • Genética La genética.
  • El Splicing de ARN y ARN.

Sus antecedentes:

  • El empalme de ARN alternativo es un mecanismo clave para generar diversidad de proteínas.
  • El orden preciso de unión de los exones durante el splicing es crucial para producir transcripciones funcionales.
  • El gen supresor de tumores candidato DCC está implicado en el crecimiento y desarrollo celular.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para investigar la ocurrencia y la naturaleza de los eventos aberrantes de empalme de ARN.
  • Para identificar nuevos productos de ARN resultantes de la unión de exones no secuenciales.
  • Comprender las implicaciones de las transcripciones codificadas en células normales y neoplásicas.

Principales métodos:

  • Se emplearon ensayos sensibles de expresión de ARN para detectar transcripciones inusuales.
  • Se utilizó la amplificación de la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) para aislar segmentos específicos de ARN.
  • Se utilizaron técnicas de clonación y secuenciación para determinar la estructura exacta de las transcripciones aberrantes.

Principales resultados:

  • Se identificaron varias transcripciones anormalmente empalmadas del gen DCC.
  • Los exones dentro de estas transcripciones se unieron con precisión en los sitios de empalme, pero en un orden desordenado.
  • Se caracterizaron cuatro tipos distintos de transcripciones codificadas, cada una con diferentes pares de exones.
  • Las transcripciones codificadas se detectaron en niveles bajos en varias células normales y cancerosas, predominantemente en ARN citoplasmático no poliadenilado.

Conclusiones:

  • La maquinaria de empalme puede unir exones en un orden no secuencial, desviándose de la disposición del ADN genómico.
  • Este proceso genera nuevos productos de ARN con funciones potencialmente alteradas.
  • Los hallazgos revelan un mecanismo previamente no reconocido de procesamiento de ARN con implicaciones para la regulación de la expresión génica.