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Emisiones indirectas de los biocombustibles: ¿qué importancia tiene?

Jerry M Melillo¹, John M Reilly, David W Kicklighter

¹The Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL), 7 MBL Street, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA. jmelillo@mbl.edu

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|November 26, 2009

Resumen

La expansión de los programas globales de bioenergía celulósica puede aumentar las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero debido a los cambios en el uso de la tierra. La protección de los bosques y la optimización del uso de fertilizantes nitrogenados son claves para mitigar estas emisiones de la producción de biocombustibles.

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Área de la Ciencia:

Ciencias del medio ambiente Ciencias del medio ambiente.
Ciencias del clima Ciencias del clima Ciencias del clima Ciencias del clima
Ciencias Agrícolas Ciencias Agrícolas

Sus antecedentes:

Los programas mundiales de biocombustibles se enfrentan a presiones de suministro de tierras.
Los cambios en el uso de la tierra por los biocombustibles pueden aumentar las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero.

Objetivo del estudio:

Examinar los efectos directos e indirectos del cambio en el uso de la tierra en las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero de un programa global de bioenergía celulósica.
Para evaluar el impacto en el siglo XXI.

Principales métodos:

Se utilizaron modelos de biogeoquímica económica y terrestre vinculados.
Analizó los posibles cambios en el uso de la tierra de un programa global expandido de bioenergía celulósica.

Principales resultados:

Se predice que el uso indirecto de la tierra causará sustancialmente más pérdida de carbono que el uso directo de la tierra (hasta el doble).
Se proyecta que las emisiones de óxido nitroso por el aumento del uso de fertilizantes sean más significativas para el potencial de calentamiento que las pérdidas de carbono.
Una política global que proteja los bosques y promueva las mejores prácticas para el uso de fertilizantes nitrogenados puede reducir significativamente las emisiones de la producción de biocombustibles.

Conclusiones:

La expansión de los biocombustibles requiere una cuidadosa gestión del uso de la tierra para mitigar el impacto climático.
Las intervenciones políticas centradas en la protección de los bosques y la gestión de fertilizantes nitrogenados son cruciales para la producción sostenible de biocombustibles.