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El flujo ascendente por convección en el manto debajo del Golfo de California
Yun Wang1, Donald W Forsyth, Brian Savage
1Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA. yun_wang@brown.edu
Nature
|November 27, 2009
Resumen
Las imágenes sísmicas revelan que el derretimiento parcial en el Golfo de California.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La geofísica es la geofísica.
- La tectónica es la tectónica.
- Dinámica del manto Dinámica del manto
Sus antecedentes:
- Baja California se ha separado de América del Norte en los últimos seis millones de años, creando el Golfo de California.
- El Golfo de California es un sistema único de extensión del fondo marino con una densa cobertura sísmica, lo que permite estudios detallados del manto superior.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar los roles relativos del surgimiento dinámico y pasivo en el manto poco profundo debajo de los centros de propagación.
- Para obtener imágenes de la estructura del manto superior en el Golfo de California utilizando tomografía sísmica.
Principales métodos:
- La tomografía de ondas de Rayleigh se empleó para mapear la velocidad de onda de cizallamiento en el manto superior (aprox. 200 km de profundidad).
- El análisis se centró en los datos sísmicos de la densa red de sismómetros en el Golfo de California.
Principales resultados:
- Se observaron bajas velocidades de cizallamiento, características de los centros de propagación oceánica, a través del Golfo.
- Se identificaron tres zonas distintas de velocidad de cizallamiento anormalmente baja, espaciadas aproximadamente a 250 km de distancia.
- Estas anomalías, ubicadas a 40-90 km de profundidad, se correlacionan con las profundidades en las que se espera que el flujo ascendente del manto pasivo inicie el derretimiento.
Conclusiones:
- El derretimiento parcial parece desencadenar un surgimiento dinámico en el manto poco profundo debajo del Golfo de California.
- Este surgimiento dinámico es probablemente impulsado por la flotabilidad del derretimiento o la densidad reducida del material del manto agotado.
- Los hallazgos contribuyen a comprender los procesos del manto en los centros de propagación, distintos de los sistemas dominados por puntos calientes.
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