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Las firmas globales y los orígenes dinámicos de la Pequeña Edad de Hielo y la Anomalía Climática Medieval

Michael E Mann¹, Zhihua Zhang, Scott Rutherford

¹Department of Meteorology and Earth and Environmental Systems Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. mann@meteo.psu.edu

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|December 8, 2009

Resumen

Las variaciones de la temperatura global a lo largo de 1500 años muestran un calentamiento medieval regional y un enfriamiento de la Pequeña Edad de Hielo. Los patrones climáticos revelan respuestas dinámicas al forzamiento radiativo natural, incluidos los eventos de El Niño.

Área de la Ciencia:

Paleoclimatología Paleoclimatología
Ciencias del clima Ciencias del clima Ciencias del clima
Ciencias del Sistema Terrestre Ciencias del Sistema Terrestre

Sus antecedentes:

Las temperaturas globales han fluctuado en los últimos 1500 años.
Los patrones espaciales de las variaciones de temperatura pasadas siguen siendo poco conocidos.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para reconstruir los patrones de temperatura de la superficie global en los últimos 1500 años.
Para definir las variaciones de temperatura espacial durante el período medieval y la Pequeña Edad de Hielo.

Principales métodos:

Utilizó una red global de proxies climáticos.
Se reconstruyeron patrones históricos de temperatura de la superficie.

Principales resultados:

El período medieval exhibió un calor regional comparable al de las últimas décadas, pero globalmente más frío.
El período medieval mostró una tendencia hacia condiciones similares a La Niña en el Pacífico tropical.
La Pequeña Edad de Hielo (1400-1700 CE) presentó las temperaturas más frías, particularmente en los continentes extratropicos del Hemisferio Norte.

Conclusiones:

Los patrones de cambio de temperatura sugieren que las dinámicas climáticas responden al forzamiento radiativo natural.
Los patrones observados están vinculados a fenómenos como El Niño y la Oscilación del Atlántico Norte-Oscilación del Ártico.

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