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Elementos de virus de ARN no retrovirales endógenos en el genoma de los mamíferos

Masayuki Horie¹, Tomoyuki Honda, Yoshiyuki Suzuki

¹Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (BIKEN), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.

|January 8, 2010

Resumen

Los virus de ARN no retrovirales, al igual que los bornavirus, pueden integrarse en los genomas de los animales, creando elementos N endógenos similares a los de Borna (EBLN). Este descubrimiento revela una nueva fuente de novedad genética en los mamíferos.

Área de la Ciencia:

Virología Virología.
La genómica es la genómica.
Biología evolutiva Biología evolutiva.

Sus antecedentes:

Se sabe que los retrovirus forman provirus endógenos, que comprenden el 8% del genoma humano.
Los virus de ARN no retrovirales se replican a través de intermediarios de ADN, pero sus formas de ADN de la línea germinal no se habían descubierto anteriormente.
Los bornavirus establecen de manera única infecciones nucleares persistentes entre los virus de ARN.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar la presencia y el origen de elementos derivados de virus no retrovirales en los genomas de mamíferos.
Explorar el potencial de los bornavirus para contribuir a la novedad genética del huésped.

Principales métodos:

Buscó en los genomas de mamíferos secuencias homólogas al gen de la nucleoproteína (N) del bornavirus.
Realizó análisis filogenéticos para determinar la historia evolutiva de estos elementos.
Investigó la expresión de elementos N endógenos similares a Borna (EBLN) en primates.
Se probó experimentalmente la capacidad del virus de la enfermedad de Borna (BDV) N mRNA para formar elementos similares a EBLN en cultivos celulares.

Principales resultados:

Se identificaron elementos EBLN homólogos al gen N del bornavirus en humanos, primates, roedores y elefantes.
Se encontró que algunos EBLNs de primates contienen marcos de lectura abiertos (ORF) intactos y se expresan como mRNA.
Los análisis filogenéticos indicaron eventos de inserción distintos para EBLNs en diferentes familias de mamíferos.
Los orígenes de EBLN fechados van desde lo reciente (la ardilla terrestre) hasta lo antiguo (los primates, hace más de 40 millones de años).
Se ha demostrado que el ARNm N del bornavirus de mamíferos (BDV) actual puede generar elementos similares al EBLN en células infectadas.

Conclusiones:

Este estudio proporciona la primera evidencia de elementos de virus de ARN no retroviral endogenizados en genomas de mamíferos.
Los bornavirus pueden servir como fuente de novedad genética a través de la formación de elementos endógenos.
Los hallazgos ofrecen nuevos conocimientos sobre la generación de elementos virales endógenos y la evolución viral.

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