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Prevalencia del alto índice de masa corporal en niños y adolescentes estadounidenses, 2007-2008
Cynthia L Ogden1, Margaret D Carroll, Lester R Curtin
1National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, MD 20782, USA. cogden@cdc.gov
JAMA
|January 15, 2010
Resumen
La prevalencia de la obesidad infantil se mantuvo estable de 1999 a 2008, sin tendencias significativas en el alto índice de masa corporal (IMC) o el peso para la longitud. Se observaron excepciones en los adolescentes más pesados.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Endocrinología Pediátrica Endocrinología pediátrica.
- Salud Pública Nutrición Salud Pública
- Crecimiento y Desarrollo.
Sus antecedentes:
- La prevalencia de la obesidad infantil en los EE.UU. mostró una meseta entre 1999 y 2006.
- El monitoreo continuo es esencial para las estrategias de salud pública.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para presentar las últimas estimaciones de prevalencia de alto índice de masa corporal (IMC) en niños y adolescentes.
- Informar sobre el alto peso para la longitud reclinada en bebés y niños pequeños.
- Para analizar las tendencias en estas tasas de prevalencia de 1999 a 2008.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizaron datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición (NHANES, por sus siglas en inglés) 2007-2008.
- Se incluyen las alturas y pesos medidos para 3281 niños/adolescentes (2-19 años) y 719 bebés/bebés (0-2 años).
- Peso alto/IMC definido utilizando las tablas de crecimiento de los Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades (CDC, por sus siglas en inglés) (percentil ≥95 para los bebés, ≥85, ≥95, ≥97 para el IMC por edad en niños).
Principales resultados:
- En 2007-2008, el 9,5% de los bebés / niños pequeños y el 11,9% al 31,7% de los niños / adolescentes excedieron los umbrales de IMC altos.
- La prevalencia varió según la edad y la raza / etnia.
- No se observaron tendencias generales significativas entre 1999-2000 y 2007-2008, excepto un aumento en la categoría de IMC más alta entre los niños de 6 a 19 años.
Conclusiones:
- No se detectaron tendencias lineales estadísticamente significativas en el peso alto para la longitud reclinada o el IMC alto en los períodos de estudio (1999-2008).
- La única excepción fue una tendencia hacia un IMC más alto en los niños más pesados de 6 a 19 años.
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