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Contribución de los bosques semiáridos al sistema climático
1Environmental Sciences and Energy Research, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|January 23, 2010
Resumen
Los bosques secuestran carbono, ofreciendo un efecto de enfriamiento, pero esto es compensado por la radiación de calentamiento. La desertificación también afecta a la temperatura de la superficie de la Tierra, moderando las tendencias de calentamiento.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias del clima Ciencias del clima Ciencias del clima Ciencias del clima
- Ecología Forestal Ecología Forestal
- Ciencias del Sistema Terrestre Ciencias del Sistema Terrestre
Sus antecedentes:
- Los bosques influyen en la temperatura global a través del secuestro de carbono y la absorción de la radiación solar.
- Los efectos radiativos contrastantes (enfriamiento frente al calentamiento) complican los impactos forestales en el clima.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar el efecto climático neto de los bosques en las zonas de línea de madera seca.
- Cuantificar el equilibrio entre el secuestro de carbono y el forzamiento radiativo en estos ecosistemas.
Principales métodos:
- Un estudio de 9 años en las zonas de bosque de línea de madera seca (200-600 mm de precipitación).
- Análisis de las tasas de secuestro de carbono y los efectos radiativos (albedo de onda corta y radiación de onda larga).
Principales resultados:
- Se produce un secuestro sustancial de carbono debido a los cambios en la actividad fotosintética a principios de la primavera.
- Este efecto de enfriamiento es contrarrestado por un efecto de calentamiento de la supresión de la radiación de onda larga.
- El efecto radiativo combinado de onda corta y onda larga duplica el impacto de albedo, lo que requiere décadas de acumulación de carbono para equilibrarse.
Conclusiones:
- Los bosques en las zonas de transición seca presentan un complejo ciclo de retroalimentación climática.
- La desertificación tiene un efecto forzante negativo significativo, moderando las tendencias de calentamiento.
- La acumulación de carbono a largo plazo es crucial para compensar los efectos de calentamiento inducidos por los bosques.
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