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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

The Nucleosome01:19

The Nucleosome

Human DNA is almost two meters long. However, it is compressed inside a tiny nucleus measuring only a few microns in diameter. To make this degree of compaction possible, DNA is organized into several sequential levels so that it can fit into such a tiny space. The most compact form of DNA is a chromosome that can be seen under a microscope in a dividing cell.
In a chromosome, DNA is wound twice around a protein complex called a histone octamer core, which consists of 8 histone proteins. This...
The Nucleosome02:33

The Nucleosome

DNA in a human cell is almost 2m long and it is packed inside a tiny nucleus that is only a few microns in diameter. The level of compaction of DNA inside the nucleus is astonishing. It is organized into several sequentially higher levels of compaction to fit into such a tiny space. The most compact form of DNA is a chromosome that can be seen under a microscope in a dividing cell.
DNA is wound twice around a protein complex called histone core, that consist of 8 histone proteins. This complex...
The Nucleosome02:33

The Nucleosome

DNA in a human cell is almost 2m long and it is packed inside a tiny nucleus that is only a few microns in diameter. The level of compaction of DNA inside the nucleus is astonishing. It is organized into several sequentially higher levels of compaction to fit into such a tiny space. The most compact form of DNA is a chromosome that can be seen under a microscope in a dividing cell.
DNA is wound twice around a protein complex called histone core, that consist of 8 histone proteins. This complex...
Nucleosome Remodeling02:54

Nucleosome Remodeling

Nucleosomes are the basic units of chromatin compaction. Each nucleosome consists of the DNA bound tightly around a histone core, which makes the DNA inaccessible to DNA binding proteins such as DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase. Hence, the fundamental problem is to ensure access to DNA when appropriate, despite the compact and protective chromatin structure.
Nucleosome remodeling complex
Eukaryotic cells have specialized enzymes called ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling enzymes. These enzymes...
Chromatin Packaging01:32

Chromatin Packaging

Each human somatic cell contains 6 billion base pairs of DNA. Each base pair is 0.34 nm long, meaning each diploid cell contains a staggering 2 meters of DNA. This long DNA strand is packed inside a nucleus measuring only 10-20 microns in diameter with the help of specialized DNA-binding proteins called histones. Together they form a compact DNA-protein complex called chromatin. The chromatin is further compacted into higher-order structures. The highest level of compaction is achieved during...
Chromatin Packaging02:21

Chromatin Packaging

Each human somatic cell contains 6 billion base-pairs of DNA. Each base-pair is 0.34 nm long, which means that each diploid cell contains a staggering 2 meters of DNA. How is such a long DNA strand packed inside a nucleus measuring only 10 - 20 microns in diameter? 
The chromatin
In combination with specialized DNA binding protein called Histones, the DNA double helix forms a compact DNA: protein complex called chromatin. The chromatin itself is further compacted into higher-order structures.

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Immunostaining for DNA Modifications: Computational Analysis of Confocal Images
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Published on: September 7, 2017

La metilación del ADN aumenta la compactación y rigidez del nucleosoma.

John S Choy1, Sijie Wei, Ju Yeon Lee

  • 1Department of Physics, Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|January 26, 2010
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

La metilación del ADN, una marca epigenética, compacta los nucleosomas. Este estudio utilizó métodos de una sola molécula para revelar cómo la metilación afecta la estructura y la dinámica del ADN, ofreciendo información sobre la regulación de la cromatina.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • La epigenética es la epigenética.
  • Biología Molecular Biología Molecular
  • Biología Estructural Biología estructural.

Sus antecedentes:

  • La metilación de la citosina en los dinucleótidos de CpG es una modificación epigenética crucial en los eucariotas.
  • El impacto de la metilación del ADN en la estructura y dinámica de los nucleosomas sigue siendo incompletamente entendido.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para investigar los efectos de la metilación del ADN en las propiedades biofísicas de los mononucleosomas.
  • Para dilucidar los mecanismos físicos por los cuales la metilación del ADN influye en la estructura de la cromatina.

Principales métodos:

  • Implementación de una técnica biofísica de una sola molécula.
  • Monitoreo de los cambios estructurales y dinámicos en los mononucleosomas tras la metilación del ADN.

Principales resultados:

  • Se observó que la metilación del ADN induce una estructura nucleosómica más compacta.
  • El ADN metilado resultó en un aumento de la rigidez del nucleosoma.

Conclusiones:

  • La metilación del ADN altera la estructura del nucleosoma, lo que lleva a un aumento de la compacidad y la rigidez.
  • Estos hallazgos proporcionan una base física para el papel de la metilación del ADN en la regulación de la organización y función de la cromatina.