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Los temblores migratorios iluminan la compleja deformación debajo de la falla sísmica de San Andrés
1US Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Road, MS 977, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA. dshelly@usgs.gov
Nature
|February 5, 2010
Resumen
El temblor tectónico revela que la profunda falla de San Andrés sigue activa y estructurada en la corteza.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La geofísica es la geofísica.
- Sismología Sismología Sismología.
- La tectónica de placas es la tectónica de placas.
Sus antecedentes:
- La estructura profunda y la deformación de la falla de San Andrés siguen siendo poco conocidas.
- El temblor tectónico ofrece nuevos conocimientos sobre el comportamiento de las fallas profundas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar el carácter físico y la deformación de la profunda falla de San Andrés.
- Para analizar el temblor tectónico cerca de Parkfield, California.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de datos sísmicos continuos desde 2001 hasta 2008.
- Identificación y descomposición de las señales de temblor tectónico.
- Diferenciación de la actividad del temblor basada en las características de la forma de onda.
Principales resultados:
- Se observaron patrones complejos de temblores y una migración casi continua a lo largo de la falla.
- Los episodios de temblores se propagaron a lo largo de 20 km a una velocidad de 15-80 km/h.
- Los cambios en el temblor posterior al terremoto indicaron propiedades de falla heterogéneas y decaimiento por estrés.
Conclusiones:
- La falla de San Andrés es una estructura localizada que atraviesa la base de la corteza.
- La recurrencia de temblores sugiere potencial para el monitoreo de la deformación de fallas profundas.
- La deformación de fallas profundas puede cargar de forma inestable las zonas poco profundas generadoras de terremotos.
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