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Avances biológicos, clínicos y éticos de los efectos del placebo
Damien G Finniss1, Ted J Kaptchuk, Franklin Miller
1University of Sydney Pain Management and Research Institute, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia. dfinniss@med.usyd.edu.au
Lancet (London, England)
|February 23, 2010
Resumen
Los efectos placebo son respuestas psicobiológicas genuinas, no sólo sustancias inertes. La investigación muestra que estos efectos son robustos en entornos clínicos y de laboratorio, incluso sin un placebo.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Psiconeuroinmunología psiconeuroinmunología
- Psicología Clínica Psicología clínica.
- Ética médica y ética médica.
Sus antecedentes:
- Tradicionalmente, los placebos fueron vistos como sustancias inertes utilizadas para el control en ensayos clínicos.
- Investigaciones recientes redefinen los efectos placebo como auténticos fenómenos psicobiológicos.
- Estos efectos están influenciados por el contexto terapéutico más amplio.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para resaltar que los efectos del placebo son verdaderos eventos psicobiológicos.
- Para enfatizar la robustez de los efectos placebo en diversos entornos.
- Explorar el potencial para integrar los mecanismos de placebo en la atención clínica de rutina.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de la literatura científica reciente sobre los efectos del placebo.
- Análisis de los mecanismos psicobiológicos subyacentes a las respuestas al placebo.
- Examen de la evidencia de los efectos del placebo en contextos experimentales y clínicos.
Principales resultados:
- Se demuestra que los efectos del placebo son eventos psicobiológicos reales.
- Estos efectos son robustos y observables tanto en el laboratorio como en entornos clínicos.
- La evidencia sugiere que los efectos del placebo pueden ocurrir incluso cuando no se administra placebo.
Conclusiones:
- Los efectos del placebo son parte integral del contexto terapéutico.
- La investigación adicional puede avanzar en la aplicación ética de los mecanismos de placebo en el cuidado de la salud.
- Promover la integración de la investigación puede alentar tratamientos que aprovechen estos efectos inherentes.
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