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Diferencias étnicas en la adaptación fisiológica cardíaca al ejercicio físico intenso en mujeres atletas altamente
Circulation
|February 24, 2010
Resumen
Las atletas negras altamente entrenadas muestran una mayor hipertrofia ventricular izquierda y más cambios de repolarización en los ECG que las atletas blancas. Estos hallazgos son importantes para la preparación del cribado cardíaco en atletas femeninas de élite.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Cardiología Cardiología.
- Medicina del Deporte Medicina del Deporte es la medicina del deporte.
- Fisiología del ejercicio Fisiología del ejercicio
Sus antecedentes:
- La etnia influye en la adaptación cardiovascular en los atletas.
- Los atletas hombres negros exhiben una mayor prevalencia de repolarización eléctrica e hipertrofia ventricular izquierda en comparación con los hombres blancos.
- La adaptación cardíaca en mujeres negras altamente entrenadas sigue siendo poco reportada.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar la adaptación cardíaca en atletas negras femeninas de élite.
- Para comparar las diferencias cardiovasculares entre mujeres atletas blancas y negras.
- Evaluar las implicaciones para el cribado cardíaco de preparación para la participación.
Principales métodos:
- Se estudiaron 240 atletas negras clasificadas a nivel nacional y 200 atletas blancas.
- Se realizó una electrocardiografía (ECG) y una ecocardiografía bidimensional.
- Se compararon datos entre grupos étnicos para atletas en deportes y rangos de edad similares.
Principales resultados:
- Las atletas negras mostraron mayor espesor y masa de la pared ventricular izquierda que las atletas blancas.
- Se observó una mayor prevalencia de inversiones de onda T y elevación del segmento ST en mujeres atletas negras.
- Se observaron inversiones profundas de ondas T exclusivamente en atletas negros, localizadas en los conductos anteriores.
Conclusiones:
- El ejercicio sistemático en atletas negras está relacionado con un aumento de la hipertrofia ventricular izquierda y los cambios de repolarización.
- El grosor máximo de la pared ventricular izquierda >13 mm o inversiones profundas de ondas T inferiores/laterales son raras en esta población.
- Se requiere más investigación para los raros hallazgos en el cribado cardíaco de las atletas negras.
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