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Competition

Competition

When organisms require the same limited resources within an environment, they may have to compete for them. Competition is a net-negative interaction. Even if two competing individuals or populations do not interact directly, the overall fitness of both competitors is lowered as a result of not having full access to the limited resource.Intraspecific competition, which occurs between individuals of the same species, serves as a natural mechanism for regulating population size. Too much...

Inclusive Fitness

Inclusive Fitness

Most altruistic behavior—in which one animal helps another at a cost to themselves—occurs between relatives. Scientists think these altruistic behaviors evolved because they increase the inclusive fitness of the animal providing help.

Limits to Natural Selection

Limits to Natural Selection

Organisms that are well-adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. However, natural selection does not lead to perfectly adapted organisms. Several factors constrain natural selection.For one, natural selection can only act upon existing genetic variation. Hypothetically, redtusks may enhance elephant survival by deterring ivory-seeking poachers. However, if there are no gene variants—or alleles—for redtusks, natural selection cannot increase the prevalence of...

Hybrid Zones

Hybrid Zones

Hybrid zones are narrow regions where two closely related species interact, mate, and produce hybrids. Relative to either parent species, hybrids may possess distinct phenotypic or genetic differences that impact their survival and reproductive success. The genetic variances introduced by hybridization influence species diversity and speciation processes within the hybrid zone.Gene flow and natural selection are evolutionary mechanisms that shape the outcome of a hybrid zone. Gene flow...

Frequency-dependent Selection

Frequency-dependent Selection

When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.Positive Frequency-Dependent SelectionIn positive...

Genetics of Speciation

Genetics of Speciation

Speciation is the evolutionary process resulting in the formation of new, distinct species—groups of reproductively isolated populations.The genetics of speciation involves the different traits or isolating mechanisms preventing gene exchange, leading to reproductive isolation. Reproductive isolation can be due to reproductive barriers that have effects either before or after the formation of a zygote. Pre-zygotic mechanisms prevent fertilization from occurring, and post-zygotic mechanisms...

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Using a Comparative Species Approach to Investigate the Neurobiology of Paternal Responses

Using a Comparative Species Approach to Investigate the Neurobiology of Paternal Responses

Published on: September 19, 2011

Conflicto entre padres y hijos y coadaptación.

Camilla A Hinde¹, Rufus A Johnstone, Rebecca M Kilner

¹Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|March 13, 2010

Resumen

Los efectos prenatales vinculan el conflicto progenitor-hijo y la coadaptación. Cuando la provisión de control de la descendencia, los padres se benefician de los efectos prenatales. Cuando los padres controlan el aprovisionamiento, la descendencia se beneficia, destacando el conflicto.

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Área de la Ciencia:

Biología evolutiva Biología evolutiva.
Ecología del comportamiento ecología del comportamiento.
La genética cuantitativa es la genética cuantitativa.

Sus antecedentes:

La evolución de la vida familiar estudiada por separado por los ecólogos del comportamiento (conflicto entre padres y hijos) y los genetistas cuantitativos (coadaptación de la oferta de los padres y la demanda de la descendencia).
La investigación existente carece de un marco unificado que conecte estos dos enfoques.

Objetivo del estudio:

Demostrar cómo los efectos prenatales en el comportamiento de mendicidad de la descendencia pueden cerrar la brecha entre la ecología del comportamiento y la genética cuantitativa en el estudio de la evolución de la vida familiar.
Investigar el papel del conflicto entre padres e hijos en la conducción de la coadaptación de los rasgos parentales y de la descendencia.

Principales métodos:

Análisis teórico de los modelos evolutivos.
Investigaciones experimentales sobre el comportamiento mendicante de la descendencia y sus influencias prenatales.

Principales resultados:

Cuando se proporciona control de la descendencia, los efectos prenatales benefician principalmente a los padres, impulsando la coadaptación a través de la selección en los padres.
Cuando los padres controlan el aprovisionamiento, los efectos prenatales benefician principalmente a la descendencia, impulsando la coadaptación a través de la selección en la descendencia.

Conclusiones:

Los efectos prenatales son un mecanismo clave que vincula el conflicto entre padres e hijos y la coadaptación.
El conflicto entre padres e hijos es una fuerza selectiva significativa que da forma a la coevolución de los rasgos de los padres y los hijos.