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El genoma dinámico de Hydra

Jarrod A Chapman¹, Ewen F Kirkness, Oleg Simakov

¹US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California 94598, USA.

|March 16, 2010

Resumen

El genoma de la Hidra revela adaptaciones evolutivas como la expansión de elementos transponibles y la simplificación de genes, paralelamente a su ciclo de vida simplificado. Este estudio también secuenció una nueva bacteria asociada.

Área de la Ciencia:

Biología del desarrollo Biología del desarrollo.
Biología evolutiva Biología evolutiva.
La genómica es la genómica.

Sus antecedentes:

El cnidario de agua dulce Hydra ha sido un organismo modelo durante más de 300 años.
Los descubrimientos clave incluyen la reproducción asexual por brotación, regeneración y trasplante de tejidos.
Hydra sigue siendo crucial para el estudio del patrón axial, la biología de las células madre y la regeneración.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para reportar la secuencia del genoma de Hydra magnipapillata.
Para comparar el genoma de Hydra con otros animales, incluida Nematostella vectensis.
Para investigar los procesos evolutivos que dan forma al genoma de Hydra y su bacteria asociada.

Principales métodos:

Secuenciación del genoma de Hydra magnipapillata.
Análisis comparativo de genómica con especies relacionadas.
Secuenciación de una nueva bacteria asociada con Hydra.

Principales resultados:

El genoma de la Hidra exhibe expansión de elementos transponibles, transferencia horizontal de genes y trans-splicing.
La estructura genética y la simplificación del contenido se correlacionan con el ciclo de vida simplificado de Hydra.
El genoma de una nueva bacteria simbiótica asociada con Hydra también fue secuenciado.

Conclusiones:

La evolución del genoma de Hydra muestra mecanismos únicos como la simplificación genética y la transferencia horizontal de genes.
El análisis genómico comparativo proporciona información sobre la evolución de los rasgos animales fundamentales.
El estudio ilumina la evolución del epitelio, los tejidos contráctiles y la regulación génica del desarrollo.

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