La actividad física y la prevención del aumento de peso
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I-Min Lee1, Luc Djoussé, Howard D Sesso
1Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA. ilee@rics.bwh.harvard.edu
JAMA
|March 25, 2010
Resumen
Mantener un peso saludable requiere una actividad física significativa. Las mujeres con un índice de masa corporal (IMC) inferior a 25 que realizaban al menos 60 minutos diarios de actividad moderada mantuvieron su peso, mientras que otras aumentaron de peso.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Fisiología del ejercicio fisiológico.
- Salud pública La salud pública es la salud pública.
- Investigación de la obesidad.
Sus antecedentes:
- La cantidad precisa de actividad física requerida para prevenir el aumento de peso a largo plazo sigue siendo incierta.
- Las directrices federales actuales sugieren 150 minutos por semana (7,5 horas equivalentes metabólicas [MET]) de actividad de intensidad moderada para obtener beneficios para la salud.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la relación entre los diferentes niveles de actividad física y los cambios de peso a largo plazo en las mujeres.
- Para analizar los cambios de peso en las mujeres que consumen una dieta típica basada en sus niveles de actividad física.
Principales métodos:
- Un estudio de cohorte prospectivo siguió a 34.079 mujeres estadounidenses sanas desde 1992 hasta 2007.
- La actividad física (MET horas/semana) y el peso corporal fueron reportados en múltiples intervalos durante 13 años.
- La regresión de medidas repetidas analizó la actividad física y el cambio de peso en intervalos de 3 años.
Principales resultados:
- Las mujeres ganaron un promedio de 2,6 kg durante el período de estudio.
- Los niveles más altos de actividad física (≥21 horas MET/semana) se asociaron con un menor aumento de peso solo en mujeres con un índice de masa corporal (IMC) <25.
- Las mujeres con IMC ≥ 25 no mostraron una asociación significativa entre la actividad física y el aumento de peso.
- El mantenimiento del peso (ganancia < 2,3 kg) durante 13 años fue logrado por el 13,3% de las mujeres con IMC inicial < 25, con un promedio de 21,5 horas MET / semana (aprox. 60 minutos al día).
Conclusiones:
- La actividad física está relacionada con una reducción del aumento de peso en mujeres con un IMC < 25.
- Lograr el mantenimiento del peso normal durante 13 años requirió aproximadamente 60 minutos de actividad diaria de intensidad moderada.
- No se observó una asociación significativa entre la actividad física y el aumento de peso en mujeres con IMC ≥ 25.
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