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Australopithecus sediba: una nueva especie de australopiteco parecido al Homo de Sudáfrica
Lee R Berger1, Darryl J de Ruiter, Steven E Churchill
1Institute for Human Evolution, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, South Africa. profleeberger@yahoo.com
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|April 10, 2010
Resumen
Una nueva especie de Australopithecus de Sudáfrica, fechada hace 1.95-1.78 millones de años, muestra características clave que vinculan a los australopitecos con los primeros Homo, lo que podría revelar la ascendencia humana.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La paleoantropología es la paleoantropología.
- Evolución del ser humano Evolución del ser humano
- La paleontología africana.
Sus antecedentes:
- El vínculo evolutivo entre Australopithecus y Homo sigue siendo una pregunta importante en paleoantropología.
- El registro fósil de homínidos africanos del Plioceno-Pleistoceno proporciona evidencia crucial, aunque incompleta, de los orígenes humanos tempranos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para describir una nueva especie de homínidos basada en los descubrimientos fósiles en el sitio Malapa.
- Investigar la posición filogenética de esta nueva especie dentro del género Australopithecus y su relación con los primeros Homo.
Principales métodos:
- Excavación y análisis de dos esqueletos parciales de homínidos asociados con restos craneodentales.
- Análisis comparativo de las características craniodentales y postcraneales con otras especies de Australopithecus y los primeros Homo.
Principales resultados:
- Descubrimiento de dos esqueletos parciales de una nueva especie de Australopithecus, fechados hace 1.95-1.78 millones de años.
- La nueva especie exhibe un mosaico de características primitivas y derivadas, con rasgos derivados significativos compartidos con los primeros Homo.
- El análisis filogenético sugiere un posible descenso de Australopithecus africanus.
Conclusiones:
- Esta nueva especie representa una forma de transición crucial en la evolución humana.
- Proporciona una fuerte evidencia de un vínculo entre Australopithecus y el surgimiento del género Homo.
- Más investigaciones sobre esta especie iluminarán los orígenes del Homo.
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