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Mortalidad materna para 181 países, 1980-2008: un análisis sistemático del progreso hacia el Objetivo de Desarrollo
Margaret C Hogan1, Kyle J Foreman, Mohsen Naghavi
1Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98121, USA.
Lancet (London, England)
|April 13, 2010
Resumen
Las muertes maternas mundiales disminuyeron significativamente entre 1980 y 2008, pero el progreso hacia la meta del Objetivo de Desarrollo del Milenio 5 varía ampliamente. Se necesitan más reducciones para alcanzar los objetivos mundiales de salud.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Global La salud global.
- Demografía La demografía es la demografía.
- Salud reproductiva y salud reproductiva.
Sus antecedentes:
- La mortalidad materna sigue siendo un desafío crítico para la salud mundial.
- Los datos precisos sobre las tasas y tendencias de mortalidad materna son vitales para la asignación de recursos y la evaluación del progreso hacia el Objetivo de Desarrollo del Milenio 5.
- Este estudio evalúa los niveles mundiales de mortalidad materna y las tendencias para 181 países.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Analizar los niveles y tendencias mundiales de mortalidad materna de 1980 a 2008.
- Proporcionar estimaciones actualizadas de las muertes maternas y la tasa de mortalidad materna (MMR) para los países de todo el mundo.
- Informar estrategias para reducir la mortalidad materna y alcanzar los objetivos mundiales de salud.
Principales métodos:
- Compiló una base de datos completa de 2651 observaciones de mortalidad materna de 1980 a 2008.
- Utilizó datos vitales de registro, censos, encuestas y estudios de autopsias verbales para 181 países.
- Empleó métodos analíticos robustos para estimar las muertes maternas anuales y la RMM, evaluando la sensibilidad de los datos y la validez predictiva.
Principales resultados:
- Se estimaron 342.900 muertes maternas en todo el mundo en 2008, una disminución de 526.300 en 1980.
- La MMR mundial disminuyó de 422 en 1980 a 251 por cada 100.000 nacidos vivos en 2008, con una tasa anual de disminución del 1,3% desde 1990.
- Se observaron variaciones significativas en las tasas de disminución de la MMR entre los países; más del 50% de las muertes maternas en 2008 ocurrieron en seis países.
Conclusiones:
- Se ha logrado un progreso considerable hacia el Objetivo de Desarrollo del Milenio 5, aunque los avances son desiguales.
- Sólo 23 países están en camino de alcanzar el objetivo de reducción del 75% de la RMM para 2015.
- Países como Egipto, China, Ecuador y Bolivia demuestran un progreso acelerado en la reducción de la mortalidad materna.
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