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Números aleatorios certificados por el teorema de Bell
1Laboratoire d'Information Quantique, CP 225, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bvd Du Triomphe, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium.
Nature
|April 16, 2010
Resumen
El entrelazamiento cuántico ahora puede certificar la verdadera aleatoriedad, permitiendo la generación segura de números aleatorios sin suposiciones de dispositivo. Este avance utiliza partículas entrelazadas y violaciones de la desigualdad de Bell para números aleatorios confiables e impredecibles.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La Ciencia de la Información Cuántica es la Ciencia de la Información Cuántica.
- La criptografía cuántica es una criptografía cuántica.
- Los fundamentos de la mecánica cuántica.
Sus antecedentes:
- La aleatoriedad es crucial para aplicaciones como la criptografía y las simulaciones, pero generar números aleatorios verdaderamente impredecibles es un desafío.
- Los generadores de números aleatorios existentes pueden ser poco confiables debido a inexactitudes teóricas en el modelado o vulnerabilidades en el dispositivo.
- El procesamiento de información cuántica independiente del dispositivo ofrece un camino para superar estas limitaciones confiando en principios cuánticos fundamentales.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Demostrar que las correlaciones no locales de partículas cuánticas entrelazadas pueden certificar una aleatoriedad genuina.
- Diseñar un generador de números aleatorios criptográficamente seguro que sea independiente del funcionamiento interno del dispositivo.
- Para validar experimentalmente la propuesta teórica utilizando átomos entrelazados y violaciones de la desigualdad de Bell.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizó las correlaciones no locales de dos átomos entrelazados separados por aproximadamente un metro.
- Realizó mediciones para observar una violación de una desigualdad de Bell.
- Aprovechó la violación de la desigualdad de Bell para certificar la presencia de aleatoriedad genuina.
Principales resultados:
- Logró una violación de la desigualdad de Bell con una eficiencia de detección casi perfecta.
- Garantizada la generación de 42 nuevos números aleatorios con un 99% de confianza.
- Demostró una prueba de concepto para la generación de aleatoriedad independiente del dispositivo.
Conclusiones:
- Las partículas cuánticas entrelazadas se pueden utilizar para certificar la aleatoriedad genuina, permitiendo la generación de números aleatorios independientes del dispositivo.
- Este enfoque ofrece un método criptográficamente seguro para generar números aleatorios, libre de suposiciones sobre los mecanismos internos del dispositivo.
- Los resultados allanan el camino para futuros experimentos de información cuántica independientes del dispositivo y abordan aspectos fundamentales de la aleatoriedad cuántica.
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